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. 2019 Mar 7;9:3909. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40602-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enhanced plaque stability in ApoE^−/− regression mice treated with rivaroxaban. (A)Top row represents images of atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch stained with sirius red, used to quantify total collagen of atherosclerotic plaque under polarized light after 14 and 20 weeks. (B) Quantitative analysis of total collagen in atherosclerotic plaque after 14 weeks: 27.62% (23.79–30.76) and 20 weeks: 22.65% (20.73–25.65) vs 37.03% (31.24–43.21). (C)Atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch, stained with sirius red, used to quantify the mean fibrotic cap thickness of atherosclerotic plaque after 14 and 20 weeks. (D) Quantitative analysis of mean fibrotic cap thickness after 14 weeks: 29.50 μm (26.00–40.50) and 20 weeks: 20.00 μm (15.50–25.75) vs 35.00 μm (28.00–38.00). (E) Top row represents images of atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch stained against αSMA, used to quantify the expression of VSMC in atherosclerotic plaques. (F) Quantitative analysis of αSMA expression in atherosclerotic plaques after 14 weeks: 12.02% (10.83–15.55) and 20 weeks: 9.98% (8.98–11.91) vs 16.11% (13.95–19.04). All data were median (IQR), *p < 0.05 vs 14 weeks, n = 10 for each group.