Table 4.
Lifetime treatment history of psychosocial therapy for mental health.
| Psychosocial therapy | Healthy Controls | Stage 0 | Stage 1a | Stage 1b | P value (including all 4 groups)b | P value (including 3 at-risk groups b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime psychosocial therapy | n = 42 | n = 41 | n = 52 | n = 108 | ||
| No | 31 (73.8%) | 21 (51.2%) | 9 (17.3%) | 15 (13.9%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 11 (26.2%) | 20 (48.8%) | 43 (82.7%) | 93 (86.1%) | ||
| Types of psychosocial therapya | ||||||
| Blinded in a study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.1%) | ||
| Case management | 1 (5.9%) | 3 (10.0%) | 12 (16.2%) | 45 (25.0%) | ||
| Cognitive behavioural therapy | 1 (5.9%) | 2 (6.7%) | 5 (6.8%) | 14 (7.8%) | ||
| Family therapy | 2 (11.8%) | 7 (23.3%) | 6 (8.1%) | 12 (6.7%) | ||
| Interpersonal | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.4%) | 0 | ||
| Psychodynamic | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| School counselling | 7 (41.2%) | 3 (10.0%) | 12 (16.2%) | 42 (23.3%) | ||
| Stress management | 0 | 2 (6.7%) | 7 (9.5%) | 6 (3.3%) | ||
| Supportive | 5 (29.4%) | 10 (33.3%) | 28 (37.8%) | 56 (31.1%) | ||
| Multiple/combined | 1 (5.9%) | 3 (10.0%) | 2 (2.7%) | 2 (1.1%) | ||
| Psychosocial therapy in childhood (therapy start date: 0 to 12 y) | n = 42 | n = 41 | n = 52 | n = 108 | ||
| No | 39 (92.9%) | 36 (87.8%) | 42 (80.8%) | 76 (70.4%) | 0.008 | 0.057 |
| Yes | 3 (7.1%) | 5 (12.2%) | 10 (19.2%) | 32 (29.6%) | ||
| Types of psychosocial therapya | ||||||
| Blinded in a study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Case management | 0 | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (11.1%) | 8 (21.6%) | ||
| Cognitive behavioural therapy | 0 | 1 (16.7%) | 0 | 1 (2.7%) | ||
| Family therapy | 1 (25.0%) | 0 | 0 | 3 (8.1%) | ||
| Interpersonal | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) | 0 | ||
| Psychodynamic | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) | 0 | ||
| School counselling | 1 (25.0%) | 0 | 4 (44.4%) | 9 (24.3%) | ||
| Stress management | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) | 3 (8.1%) | ||
| Supportive | 2 (50.0%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1 (11.1%) | 12 (32.4%) | ||
| Multiple/combined | 0 | 1 (16.7%) | 0 | 1 (2.7%) | ||
| Psychosocial therapy in adolescence (therapy start date: 13 to 17 y) | n = 42 | n = 41 | n = 52 | n = 108 | ||
| No | 35 (83.3%) | 29 (70.7%) | 19 (36.5%) | 41 (38.0%) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| Yes | 7 (16.7%) | 12 (29.3%) | 33 (63.5%) | 67 (62.0%) | ||
| Types of psychosocial therapya | ||||||
| Blinded in a study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.8%) | ||
| Case management | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | 9 (20.5%) | 29 (26.6%) | ||
| Cognitive behavioural therapy | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | 1 (2.3%) | 5 (4.6%) | ||
| Family therapy | 1 (9.1%) | 5 (41.7%) | 5 (11.4%) | 9 (8.3%) | ||
| Interpersonal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Psychodynamic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.9%) | ||
| School counselling | 4 (36.4%) | 3 (25.0%) | 5 (11.4%) | 29 (26.6%) | ||
| Stress management | 0 | 0 | 3 (6.8%) | 3 (2.8%) | ||
| Supportive | 3 (27.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 19 (43.2%) | 30 (27.5%) | ||
| Multiple/combined | 1 (9.1%) | 0 | 2 (4.6%) | 1 (0.9%) | ||
| Psychosocial therapy in adulthood (therapy start date: 18+ y) | n = 28 | n = 21 | n = 28 | n = 36 | ||
| No | 25 (89.3%) | 12 (57.1%) | 14 (50.0%) | 12 (33.3%) | <0.001 | 0.172 |
| Yes | 3 (10.7%) | 9 (42.9%) | 14 (50.0%) | 25 (66.7%) | ||
| Types of psychosocial therapya | ||||||
| Blinded in a study | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Case management | 0 | 2 (13.3%) | 2 (10.5%) | 11 (30.6%) | ||
| Cognitive behavioural therapy | 0 | 1 (6.7%) | 3 (15.8%) | 7 (19.4%) | ||
| Family therapy | 0 | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0 | ||
| Interpersonal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Psychodynamic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| School counselling | 2 (66.7%) | 0 | 3 (15.8%) | 5 (13.9%) | ||
| Stress management | 0 | 2 (13.3%) | 3 (15.8%) | 0 | ||
| Supportive | 1 (33.3%) | 6 (40.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 13 (36.1%) | ||
| Multiple/combined | 0 | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (5.3%) | 0 |
Values presented as: n (%).
a Specific types of medications are not mutually exclusive, therefore, some participants may have multiple psychosocial therapies.
bχ2 tests for dichotomous outcomes and ANOVA tests for continuous outcomes.