Table 1.
Demographic and laboratory characteristics of the study population at diagnosis (n = 930)
| Characteristic | Del(17p) (n = 310) | All control patients (n = 620) | High-risk translocation (n = 79) | Standard-risk (n = 541) | P a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, median (range) | 64.1 (33.8–90.9) | 64.2 (35.2–91.0) | 60.4 (37.1–81.2) | 64.8 (35.2–91.0) | 0.787; 0.060 |
| Age ≥65 years, n (%) | 147 (47.4) | 296 (47.7) | 29 (36.7) | 267 (49.3) | 0.945; 0.108 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 122 (39.3) | 242 (39.0) | 41 (51.9) | 201 (37.1) | 0.924; 0.044 |
| Time period of diagnosis of MM | |||||
| 2004–2008 | 34 (11.0) | 71 (11.4) | 11 (13.9) | 60 (11.1) | 0.536; 0.950 |
| 2008–2012 | 139 (44.8) | 282 (45.5) | 29 (36.7) | 253 (46.8) | |
| 2013–2016 | 137 (44.2) | 267 (43.1) | 39 (49.4) | 228 (42.1) | |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, median (range), (n = 907) | 10.7(4.7–16.8) | 11.2 (5.8–16) | 10.6 (5.8–14.7) | 11.2 (5.9–16.0) | 0.015; 0.005 |
| Calcium, mg/dL, median (range), (n = 849) | 9.7 (7.7–16.8) | 9.6 (7.1–17.1) | 9.4 (7.7–16.6) | 9.6 (7.1–17.1) | 0.089; 0.268 |
| Creatinine >2 mg/dL, n(%), (n = 883) | 52 (18.4) | 82 (13.8) | 14 (18.7) | 68 (12.9) | 0.071; 0.121 |
| Bone disease at diagnosis, n (%) | 243 (78.4) | 474 (76.4) | 48 (60.8) | 426 (78.4) | 0.562; 0.003 |
| Lytic lesions, n (%) | 205 (66.1) | 419 (67.6) | 45 (57.0) | 374 (69.1) | 0.658; 0.092 |
| Pathological fractures, n (%) | 50 (16.1) | 104 (16.8) | 6 (7.6) | 98 (18.1) | 0.852; 0.050 |
| Vertebral compression fractures, n (%) | 108 (34.8) | 403 (65.0) | 18 (22.8) | 199 (36.8) | 1.0; 0.048 |
| Bone marrow PC percentage, median (range), (n = 920) | 50 (2–100) | 50 (2–100) | 50 (10–100) | 46 (2–100) | 0.033; 0.013 |
| High PC proliferative rate, n (%) (n = 504) | 42 (30.0) | 59 (16.1) | 7 (16.3) | 52 (16.1) | <0.001; 0.003 |
| M-protein level, g/dL, median (range), (n = 876) | 2.3 (0–8.2) | 2.6 (0–10) | 3.7 (0–9) | 2.5 (0–10) | 0.154; <0.001 |
| M-protein isotype, n (%) | |||||
| IgG | 176 (56.8) | 367 (59.2) | 46 (58.2) | 321 (59.3) | |
| IgA | 64 (20.7) | 136 (22.0) | 27 (34.2) | 109 (20.1) | 0.605; 0.031 |
| Light chain only | 60 (19.3) | 100 (16.1) | 5 (6.3) | 95 (17.6) | |
| Others | 10 (3.2) | 17 (2.7) | 1 (1.3) | 16 (3.0) | |
| Difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain, mg/dL, median (range), (n = 780) | 61.3 (0–2589.0) | 46.2 (0–6620) | 40.53 (0.4–1999.7) | 46.9 (0–6620) | 0.126; 0.212 |
| Risk stratification, n (%) | |||||
| ISS I/II (n = 541) | 154 (62.3) | 387 (69.2) | 44 (63.8) | 343 (70.0) | 0.061; 0.092 |
| ISS III (n = 265) | 93 (36.7) | 172 (30.8) | 25 (36.2) | 147 (30.0) | |
| Elevated LDH, (n = 671) | 49 (23.8) | 66 (14.2) | 7 (13.0) | 59 (14.4) | 0.004; 0.012 |
ISS indicates international staging system
MM multiple myeloma, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, and PC plasma cell
ap-value for Fischer’s exact test or the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U or Kruskall Wallis tests as appropriate. The first value represents comparison between the de novo del(17p) and all controls and the second value represents comparison across de novo del(17p), high-risk translocation and standard-risk groups
The values given in bold represent P-values <0.05, which are considered statistically significant