Table 1.
A risk score of genetic variants for self-reported sleep duration (78 SNPs), self-reported short (27 SNPs) or long (8 SNPs) sleep duration associates with self-reported sleep duration in the CHARGE (adult) consortium (n = 47,180), self-reported sleep duration in the EAGLE (childhood/adolescent) consortium (n = 10,554), and activity-monitor-based measures of sleep fragmentation, timing, and duration from 7-day accelerometry in the UK Biobank (n = 85,499)
| Sleep duration GRS | Short sleep GRS | Long sleep GRS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trait | Beta or OR* (95% CI) per effect allele | P value | Beta or OR* (95% CI) per effect allele | P value | Beta or OR* (95% CI) per effect allele | P value |
| CHARGE Study (n = 47,180); self-reported sleep duration (min)a | 0.66 (0.54 to 0.78) | 1.23 × 10−25 | ||||
| EAGLE Study (n = 10,554); self-reported sleep duration (min)b | 0.16 (0.02 to 0.30) | 2.80 × 10−2 | ||||
| UK Biobank 7-day accelerometry (n = 85,499) sleep duration estimates | ||||||
| Sleep duration (min) | 0.47 (0.40 to 0.53) | 1.93 × 10−44 | −0.43 (−0.56 to −0.31) | 1.21 × 10−11 | 2.12 (1.65 to 2.59) | 1.08 × 10−18 |
| Short sleep duration (n = 13,760 cases, 66,110 controls) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.99)* | 4.00 × 10−19 | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.02)* | 4.91 × 10−6 | 0.94 (0.92 to 0.97)* | 1.10 × 10−5 |
| Long sleep duration (n = 5629 cases, 66,110 controls) | 1.01 (1.01 to 1.02)* | 3.78 × 10−9 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00)* | 0.11 | 1.10 (1.07 to 1.14)* | 1.29 × 10−8 |
| Daytime inactivity duration (min) | 0.08 (0.03 to 0.13) | 2.74 × 10−3 | 0.01 (−0.09 to 0.11) | 0.89 | 0.65 (0.28 to 1.02) | 6.49 × 10−4 |
| Sleep duration standard deviation (min) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | 0.34 | 0.05 (−0.04 to 0.14) | 0.26 | −0.07 (−0.40 to 0.27) | 0.69 |
| Sleep fragmentation estimates | ||||||
| Sleep efficiency % | 0.05 (0.04 to 0.06) | 8.38 × 10−23 | −0.05 (−0.07 to −0.04) | 4.79 × 10−9 | 0.15 (0.08 to 0.22) | 1.56 × 10−5 |
| Number of sleep bouts (n) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02) | 1.59 × 10−10 | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.00) | 2.42 × 10−3 | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05) | 0.24 |
| Sleep timing estimates | ||||||
| Midpoint of 5 h daily period of minimum activity (L5 timing) (minutes) | −0.05 (−0.13 to 0.03) | 0.23 | 0.07 (−0.09 to 0.22) | 0.41 | 0.39 (−0.20 to 0.97) | 0.20 |
| Midpoint of 10 h daily period of maximum activity (M10 timing) (minutes) | 0.03 (−0.06 to 0.12) | 0.51 | −0.05 (−0.23 to 0.12) | 0.55 | 0.65 (−0.02 to 1.32) | 6.00 × 10−2 |
| Sleep midpoint (min) | −0.03 (−0.07 to 0.01) | 0.20 | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.08) | 0.88 | 0.05 (−0.24 to 0.34) | 0.74 |
Genetic risk scores for sleep duration, short sleep and long sleep were tested using the weighted genetic risk score calculated by summing the products of the sleep trait risk allele count for all 78, 27, or 8 genome-wide significant SNPs multiplied by the scaled effect from the primary genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the GTX package in R. Effect estimates (beta or OR) are reported per additional effect allele for sleep duration, short sleep, or long sleep. Significant GRS associations (P < 0.05) are shown in bold.
SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism, CI confidence interval, GRS genetic risk score, OR odds ratio, CHARGE Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology, EAGLE EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology
aSelf-reported and varied by cohorts, typically: “How many hours of sleep do you usually get at night (or your main sleep period)?”
bIn all cohorts, except in GLAKU, child sleep duration was assessed by a single, parent-rated, open question, “How many hours does your child sleep per day including naps?” In GLAKU, parents were asked about the usual bed and rise times during school days, from which the total sleep duration could be estimated
*indicates OR (95% CI)