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. 2019 Mar 7;9:3894. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40656-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Molecular (a–c) and biological (d–f) changes induced by Echinococcus granulosus Calmodulin (EgCaM)-specific siRNA using three delivery methods in different developmental stages in vitro. (a–c) EgCaM expression profile in different in vitro stages: protoscoleces (PSC) 3 and 8 days after electroporation (EP), soaking (SK) and electro-soaking (ES); microcysts (MC) and strobilated worms (SW). (d) Viability changes of protoscoleces treated with EgCaM-specific siRNA. (e) Size changes of 30 protoscoleces treated with EgCaM-specific siRNA. (f) Changes in body contractions per minute in the strobilated worms treated with EgCaM-specific siRNA. Data was compared to the controls: control protoscoleces (Ctrl) and negative siRNA control (siR-Ctrl). The gene expression data for siR-Ctrl were only demonstrated for electro-soaking method. Bars show the mean ± standard deviation (SD) derived from duplicates experiments. (**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001).