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. 2019 Feb;60(1):12–19. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2019.60.12

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Copyright © 2019 by the Croatian Medical Journal. All rights reserved.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gene expression analysis of differentiated tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and proliferation-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) are genes involved in adipogenesis, osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are genes involved in osteogenesis, and aggrecan (AGN) and collagen type II α1 (COL2) are genes involved in chondrogenesis. Gene expression analysis was performed at the beginning of culture (day 0) and at day 21. Expression levels were normalized to that of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and the results are reported as marker gene vs GAPDH ratios using the formula 2ΔCT ( × 100). Values are mean ± standard deviation (n = 2). Error bars represent standard deviation.