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. 2019 Mar 1;10:103. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00103

Table 1.

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in groups of overweight and obese children by region and vitamin D sufficiency or insufficiency.

Vitamin D insufficiency level Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among overweight/obese children Reference number
AMERICA
Canada <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
5.6%
(77.0%–consumption of vitamin D-fortified milk)
(85)
Canada <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
93.0% (86)
Canada <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
76.0% (87)
Mexico <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
36.0% (88)
USA, New York <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
55.0% (89)
USA, Brooklyn <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
55.2% (90)
USA, Alabama <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
78.4% (91)
USA, Pennsylvania <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
27.8% (5–9 years)
35.4% (10–14 years)
50.9% (↑ 15 years)
(92)
USA, Wisconsin <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
32.3% (93)
AFRICA
Ethiopia <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
42.0% (94)
EUROPE
Denmark Deficiency
<30 nmol/L
(<12 ng/mL)
16.5% (95)
Germany <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
96.0% (5)
Greece <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
obesity−60.5%
overweight−51.6
(96)
Norway <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
50.0% (97)
Spain <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
morbid obesity−81.1%
obesity−68.2%
overweight−55.0%
(98)
Sweden <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
33.2% (99)
The Netherlands <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
24.5% (100)
The Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
90.0% (101)
The Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
92.0% (102)
ASIA
Iran <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
95.6% (103)
Malaysia <50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
obesity−19.2%
overweight−17.4%
(104)
Turkey 25–50 nmol/L
(<20 ng/mL)
23.0% (105)
China <75 nmol/L
(<30 ng/mL)
48,6% (106)