Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of total subjects
| Variable | Total subjects (n = 176) | Snoring during endoscopy (n = 49) | No snoring during endoscopy (n = 127) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 62.1 ± 10.3 | 59.3 ± 10.4 | 63.1 ± 10.1 | 0.026a |
| Male sex | 119 (67.6) | 44 (89.8) | 75 (59.1) | < 0.001a |
| Height, cm | 164.7 ± 8.0 | 167.8 ± 7.9 | 163.5 ± 7.7 | 0.001a |
| Body weight, kg | 65.5 ± 12.7 | 70.1 ± 15.4 | 63.8 ± 11.0 | 0.003a |
| Neck circumference, cmb | 37.6 ± 3.6 | 39.2 ± 4.3 | 37.3 ± 3.5 | 0.049a |
| Obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 66 (37.5) | 23 (46.9) | 43 (33.9) | 0.108 |
| Habitual snoring symptom ≥ 3/week | 42 (23.9) | 20 (40.8) | 22 (17.3) | 0.001a |
| High risk group of obstructive sleep apnea on questionnaire | 55 (31.3) | 21 (42.9) | 34 (26.8) | 0.039a |
| Risk of alcohol dependenceb | 21 (11.9) | 4 (22.0) | 17 (13.5) | 0.302 |
| Smokerb | 64 (36.4) | 5 (27.8) | 59 (46.8) | 0.128 |
| Education (≤ middle school) | 25 (14.2) | 2 (11.1) | 23 (19.5) | 0.526 |
| Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infectionc | 93 (57.4) | 19 (51.4) | 74 (59.2) | 0.396 |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 28 (15.9) | 10 (20.4) | 18 (14.2) | 0.311 |
| Chronic atrophic gastritis | 84 (47.7) | 16 (37.2) | 68 (55.3) | 0.041a |
| Hiatal hernia | 7 (4.0) | 2 (4.7) | 5 (4.1) | 1.000 |
| Duodenal ulcer | 13 (7.4) | 1 (2.3) | 12 (9.8) | 0.187 |
| History of gastrectomy | 26 (14.7) | 11 (22.4) | 15 (11.8) | 0.075 |
| History of gastric cancer | 58 (33.0) | 13 (26.5) | 45 (35.4) | 0.260 |
| Early gastric cancer | 49 (27.8) | 7 (14.3) | 42 (33.1) | 0.013a |
| Advanced gastric cancer | 9 (5.1) | 6 (12.2) | 3 (2.4) | 0.015a |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (3.4) | 5 (10.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0.007a |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 5 (2.8) | 1 (2.0) | 4 (3.1) | 1.000 |
| Fatty liver | 18 (10.2) | 4 (8.2) | 14 (11.0) | 0.575 |
| Hypertension | 66 (37.5) | 22 (44.9) | 44 (34.6) | 0.208 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (10.8) | 7 (14.3) | 12 (9.4) | 0.354 |
Values are presented as number ± SD or number (%).
a
Statistical significance.
b
Analyzed for 144 patients due to missing values.
c
Analyzed for 162 patients due to missing values.