Table 10.

Individual studies included for induction of clinical remission in ulcerative colitis

Study	Country	Intervention	Comparator	Study design	Follow-up	n	Induction of clinical remission
Schmidt et al[30]	Germany	Tacrolimus	-	Retrospective cohort	24 mo	58	51%1
		Tacrolimus with purine analogues	-	Retrospective cohort	24 mo	79	82%1
Llaó et al[31]	Spain	IV corticosteroids	-	Retrospective cohort	3 d	110	52%2
		IV corticosteroids	-	Retrospective cohort	7 d	110	75% 2
Campbell et al[35]	UK	Cyclosporine	-	Retrospective cohort	Acute phase	76	74%3
Sood et al[33]	India	AZA	Placebo	RCT	1 yr	83	56% (AZA); 40% (placebo)4
Prieux-Klotz et al[37]	France	AZA or 6-MP		Retrospective cohort	38 mo	80	61.2%5
Yamamoto et al[38]	Japan	Tacrolimus	Anti-TNF	Retrospective	12 wk	100	40% (tacrolimus); 28% (anti-TNF); P = 0.296
Ogata et al[39]	Japan	Tacrolimus	Placebo	RCT	2 wk	62	9.4% (tacrolimus); 0% (placebo); P = 0.2387
		Tacrolimus	Placebo	RCT	12 wk	21	28.6% (tacrolimus)7
Hyde et al[44]	United Kingdom	Hydrocortisone	-	Retrospective cohort	5 d	216	61%8
		Cyclosporine	-	Retrospective cohort	4.5 d	50	56%8
Kjeldsen et al[43]	Denmark	Prednisolone	-	Retrospective cohort	6 wk	51	47% (severe disease); 80% (moderate disease)9
Meyers et al[42]	United States	ACTH	Hydrocortisone	RCT	10 d	66	44% (ACTH); 41% (Hydrocortisone)10

¹Clinical remission defined by a Lichtiger score ≤ 3;

²Clinical remission defined as mild activity or inactive disease according to the Montreal severity score, with no need for rescue treatment at day 7 after starting intravenous CS;

³Response defined as a reduction of bowel frequency to fewer than three daily and a C-reactive protein < 45 mg/L;

⁴Clinical remission defined as clinical improvement with absent of symptoms of active disease (rectal bleeding, bowel frequency) with sigmoidoscopic appearance of grade 0-1 and normal histological pattern;

⁵Clinical remission defined as a partial Mayo Clinic score ≤ 2 without any clinical subscore > 1;

⁶Clinical remission defined as a score of 0 in the clinical section (both stool frequency and rectal bleeding);

⁷Clinical remission was defined as a total DAI score ≤ 2 with an individual subscore of 0 or 1;

⁸Clinical remission defined as bowel frequency less than three stools per day, no visible blood, no fever or pain;

⁹Remission was assessed in accordance with a modified Truelove and Witts index;

¹⁰Remission defined as patient receiving no therapy or only prophylactic sulfasalazine. 6-MP: 6-mercaptopurine; ACTH: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; AZA: Azathioprine; CI: Confidence interval; IV: Intravenous; MTX: Methotrexate; n: Number of patients; RCT: Randomized clinical trial; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; DAI: Disease Activity Index.