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. 2019 Jan 27;8(2):90. doi: 10.3390/cells8020090

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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AQP4 mediates-waste clearance through the glymphatic system. In the healthy brain, AQP4 is mainly expressed on astrocyte endfeet (polarized AQP4 expression). CSF circulates through the para-arterial system (para-arterial influx) into the brain parenchyma and then into the veins (para-arterial efflux). With aging, and even more so under pathologic conditions, AQP4 polarization is reduced and there is more expression of AQP4 on parenchymal processes (AQP4 depolarization), which affects the efficiency of the glymphatic system in waste clearance such as beta-amyloid. Accumulation of beta-amyloid is a hallmark of AD [98]. Image modified from [100,101].