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. 2019 Feb 12;8(2):152. doi: 10.3390/cells8020152

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The role of miR-34a in inducing apoptosis—miR-34a induces apoptosis by inhibiting Sirtuin-1. Sirtuin-1 attenuates apoptosis by: 1—Inhibiting p66, an activator of Akt; Akt phosphorylates FOXO to inhibit MnSOD, which usually inhibits apoptosis. 2—inhibiting the transcription of p53, which usually induces apoptosis. In addition, miR-34a leads to Bax upregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, hence triggering the release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria, which activates Caspase 3 to induce apoptosis. FOXO3: Forkhead box O3; MnSOD: Manganese Superoxide Dismutase; Akt: protein kinase B; cytc: Cytochrome c.