Table 4.
Inclusion of HFA inhalers from the WHO Essential Medicines List in National Essential Medicine and National Reimbursement Lists in 70 low- and middle-income countries, 2014 *.
| Low- and Middle-Income Countries | Beclometasone 50 μg | Beclometasone 100 μg | Budesonide 100 μg | Budesonide 200 μg | Salbutamol 100 μg | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EML | NRL | EML | NRL | EML | NRL | EML | NRL | EML | NRL | |
| Albania | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Algeria | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Argentina | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
| Armenia | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Belarus | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Benin | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| Bolivia | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Brasil | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Bulgaria | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Burkina Faso | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N |
| Cameroon | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| China | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Colombia | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Congo Dem Rep | N | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Costa Rica | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Ecuador | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Egypt | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| El Salvador | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Fiji | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Gambia | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| Georgia | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| Ghana | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Grenada | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Hungary | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| India | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Indonesia | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y |
| Iran | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Jamaica | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Jordan | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Kenya | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| Kosovo | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Lao PDR | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Macedonia | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Malawi | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Malaysia | N | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Mexico | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Mongolia | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Nicaragua | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Nigeria | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Niue | N | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Pakistan | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a |
| Palau | N | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Palestine | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Panama | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Peru | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Philippines | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Romania | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Samoa | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N |
| Senegal | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| Serbia | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sierra Leone | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| South Africa | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Sri Lanka | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Sudan | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Syrian Arab Republic | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Taiwan | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a | Y |
| Thailand | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Togo | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Tokelau | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Tonga | N | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Tunisia | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y |
| Turkey | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | Y |
| Tuvalu | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Uganda | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Ukraine | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N |
| Vanuatu | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Vietnam | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | Y |
| Zambia | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Zimbabwe | Y | n/a | Y | n/a | N | n/a | N | n/a | Y | n/a |
| Total Y/total LMICs with EML (68) | 38 | 31 | 17 | 24 | 59 | |||||
| Total Y/total LMICs with NRL (46) | 23 | 20 | 15 | 24 | 37 | |||||
| Total as % | 56 | 50 | 46 | 43 | 25 | 33 | 35 | 52 | 87 | 80 |
* N: No; n/a: not applicable; Y: Yes. Where a list does not exist, medicine data are marked as n/a. EML: Essential Medicine List; HFA: hydrofluoroalkane; LMICs: Low- and middle-income countries; NRL: National Reimbursement List.