Table 2.
Summary of Type I LBF using palm oil. Refined–bleached–deodorised palm olein (RBD PL), palm kernel oil (PKO), refined–bleached–deodorised palm oil (RBD PO), red palm oil (RED PO), palm kernel oil ester (PKOE), palm oil ester (POE) and palm olein (PL).
| Compound/Drug | Drug Category | Dosage Form | Oils | Surfactant | Co-Surfactant | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betamethasone 17-Valerate | Topical emulsion | Oral | RBD PL | Span20/Tween 20 mixture | - | [84] |
| Phenytoin | Microemulsion | Oral | PKO | Tween 80 | - | [89] |
| Levodopa | Nanoemulsion | Oral | RBD PO & MCT | Cremophor EL | - | [10] |
| Genistein | Nanoemulsion | Topical | Red PO | Solutol and vitamin E blended | - | [95] |
| Paclitaxel | Nanoemulsion | Oral | RBD PO | Vitamin E TPGS | - | [6] |
| Aripiprazole | Nanoemulsion | Oral | PKOE | Tween 80 | - | [96] |
| Chloramphenicol | Nanoemulsion | Oral | PKOE | Safflower seed oil | Tween 80 | [90] |
| Diclofenac acid | Nanoemulsion | Topical | POE | Tween 80 | - | [97] |
| Sodium diclofenac | Nanoemulsion | Oral | PKOE | Cr EL | - | [98] |
| Ibuprofen | Nanoemulsion | Topical | POE | Carbopol 940 | - | [93] |
| Ibuprofen | Nanoemulsion | Topical | PKOE | Tween 80 | - | [99] |
| Vitamin E | Nanoemulsion | Topical | PL | Brij 30 | - | [100] |
| β-d-glucan | Nanoemulsion | Oral | PL | Kolliphor RH40 | - | [94] |
| β-Carotene and Tocopherol | Nanoemulsion | Oral | PL | Lecithin | - | [101] |
| Ketoprofen | Nanoemulsion | Topical | POE | Tween 80 | - | [102] |
| Docetaxel | Nanoemulsion | Nebulizer | PKOE | Tween 80 | Span 80 | [92] |
| Tocopherol Acetate | Nanoemulsion | Topical | POE | Tween 80 | Pluronic F-68 | [103] |
| Tocotrienol Rich Red Palm Oil | Nanoemulsion | Oral | Red PO | Tween 80 | Span 80 | [104] |
| Tocotrienol | Nanoemulsion | Topical | POE | - | - | [41] |