Figure 2.

The proposed pathogenesis of capillary leak syndrome (CLS). Some pathogenic molecules in CLS show increased levels in sera, which triggers endothelial cell damage and plasma leakage from vessels. This is supposed to eventually result in the classic triad of symptoms (hypoalbuminemia, hemoconcentration, and hypotension) and normal tissue damages. VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, IL: Interleukin, TNF: Tumor necrosis factor, IFN: Interferon, ET: endothelin, CCL: chemokine ligand, Ang2: angiopoietin-2.