Table 2.
Blood and urine hazardous material concentrations by metabolic syndrome (MetS) status.
| Variables | No MetS (n = 4673) | MetS (n = 578) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Urinary heavy metal (geometric mean ± SE) | |||
| Urinary cadmium (μg/dL) | −0.591 ± 0.688 | −0.320 ± 0.635 | <0.001 * |
| Blood heavy metal (geometric mean ± SE) | |||
| Blood lead (μg/dL) | 0.713 ± 0.482 | 0.759 ± 0.487 | 0.031 * |
| Blood mercury (μg/dL) | 1.180 ±0.640 | 1.165 ± 0.664 | 0.594 |
| Urinary VOCs metabolite (geometric mean ± SE) | |||
| Hippuric acid (g/dL) | −1.610 ± 0.016 | −1.560 ± 0.493 | 0.321 |
| Muconic acid (μg/dL) | 4.400 ± 0.114 | 4.479 ± 0.032 | 0.021 * |
| Phenylglyoxylic acid (mg/dL) | −1.508 ± 0.123 | −1.380 ± 0.331 | 0.001 * |
| Mandelic acid (mg/dL) | −1.563 ± 0.011 | −1.455 ± 0.029 | 0.001 * |
| Sum of urinary MHA isomer (geometric mean ± SE) | −1.183 ± 0.014 | −1.260 ± 0.039 | 0.077 |
| Urinary phthalate metabolite (geometric mean ± SE) | |||
| MEHHP (μg/dL) | 3.275 ± 0.010 | 3.485 ± 0.026 | <0.001 * |
| MEOHP (μg/dL) | 2.912 ± 0.010 | 3.129 ± 0.029 | <0.001 * |
| MECPP (μg/dL) | 3.380 ± 0.009 | 3.570 ± 0.026 | <0.001 * |
| MnBP (μg/dL) | 3.570 ± 0.010 | 3.700 ± 0.031 | <0.001 * |
| MBzP (μg/dL) | 1.388 ± 0.015 | 1.552 ± 0.040 | <0.001 * |
| Urinary bisphenol A (geometric mean ± SE) (μg/dL) | 0.038 ± 0.016 | 0.225 ± 0.056 | 0.001 * |
Note: T-test for all variables. Figures were log-transformed after creatinine adjustment. * p-value < 0.05. VOCs: volatile organic compounds; MEHHP: mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP: mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MECPP: mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MnBP: mono-n-butyl phthalate; MBzP: mono-benzyl phthalate.