Table 4.
Multivariable regression exploring associations between components of metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia.
| Raised Fasting Glucose N = 83 |
Waist Circumference (cm)#+ | Raised Triglycerides | Low HDL | Raised Blood Pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle Strength | |||||
| Hand Grip Strength (kg) | 0.2 (−2.8, 3.2) |
0.1 (−0.1, 0.2) |
−1.2 (−4.7, 2.2) |
−3.6 (−7.6, 0.4) |
0.8 (−3.0, 4.7) |
| Leg Extension Strength (kg) |
−4.1
(−7.8, -0.3) |
−0.2
(−0.3, −0.04) |
−5.6
(−9.8, −1.3) |
−5.4
(−10.4, −0.3) |
0.7 (−4.4, 5.7) |
| Chair Stands Time (s) | −0.3 (−4.2, 3.6) |
0.2
(0.03, 0.3) |
0.2 (−4.4, 4.7) |
1.9 (−3.4, 7.3) |
−0.8 (−5.7, 4.1) |
| Muscle Quality | |||||
| Upper-Limb Relative Strength (kg/kg)# | −0.9 (−2.1, 0.2) |
−0.1
(−0.1, −0.02) |
−0.5 (−1.8, 0.9) |
−2.1
(−3.6, −0.6) |
−0.7 (−2.2, 0.8) |
| Forearm Muscle Density (mg/cm3) |
−2.4
(−4.5, −0.2) |
−0.2
(−0.3, −0.1) |
−1.5 (−4.0, 1.0) |
−2.2 (−5.1, 0.8) |
−2.5 (−5.2, 0.1) |
| Lower-Limb Relative Strength (kg/kg)# |
−0.6
(−1.1, −0.2) |
−0.04
(−0.1, −0.02) |
−0.7
(−1.2, −0.2) |
−0.8
(−1.4, −0.1) |
−0.2 (−0.8, 0.5) |
| Calf Muscle Density (mg/cm3) | −1.2 (−2.9, 0.5) |
−0.1
(−0.2, −0.1) |
−0.2 (−2.2, 1.7) |
−2.0 (−4.2, 0.3) |
−1.7 (−3.8, 0.4) |
| Muscle Size | |||||
| Forearm Muscle CSA (cm2) | 19.2 (−3.6, 41.9) |
1.9
(1.3, 2.7) |
3.6 (−23.3, 30.5) |
12.5 (−19.5, 44.5) |
15.8 (−13.0, 44.7) |
| Calf Muscle CSA (cm2) | 32.3 (−21.2, 85.8) |
5.0
(3.3, 6.7) |
−7.3 (−69.9, 55.4) |
58.0 (−14.7, 130.7) |
58.4 (−8.5, 125.2) |
| ALM (kg)# | 1.71 (−0.1, 3.5) |
0.2
(0.2, 0.3) |
−0.6 (−2.7, 1.5) |
3.0
(0.6, 5.4) |
2.6
(0.3, 4.8) |
| Physical Performance | |||||
| Gait Speed (m/s) | −0.03 (−0.1, 0.04) |
−0.003
(−0.006, −0.0001) |
0.01 (−0.1, 0.1) |
−0.01 (−0.1, 0.1) |
0.1 (−0.04, 0.2) |
| Stair Climb Time (s) | 0.4 (−0.7, 1.6) |
0.1
(0.1, 0.1) |
0.5 (−0.8, 1.8) |
1.0 (−0.6, 2.5) |
0.4 (−1.0, 1.8) |
Data are unstandardised beta-coefficients (95% confidence intervals) adjusted for age, gender and body fat percentage. # Adjusted for age and gender. + Continuous variable. CSA-cross-sectional area; ALM-appendicular lean mass. p < 0.05.