Figure 5.

Myeloma cells induce decreased gal-1 levels in mature osteoclasts. (A) Relative galectin-1 mRNA expression to monocytes cultures in osteoclast culture (CTL), osteoclast-5TGM-1 and -U266 transwell co-cultures. (MO: monocytes; OCL: osteoclasts) (B) Gal-1 mRNA expression in primary BMSCs (publicly available dataset: GSE85837) of donors without malignant BM involvement (control; n = 9), MM patients without bone involvement (MM; n = 5) and MM patients with bone disease (MMBD; n = 5). (C) Gal-1 protein was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in fixed bone biopsies obtained from 15 MM, 9 asymptomatic MM and 10 MGUS patients. The photo shows gal-1 protein immunostaining of osteomedullary biopsies from one representative asymptomatic MM patient Magnification 20× (Materials & Methods: [2]). Data in Figure 5A are representative of three (n = 3) biologically independent experiment. Data in Figure 5B are representative of one analysis (n = 9 control; n = 5 MM; n = 5 MMBD). All results are represented as mean +/− standard error. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.