Figure 1.

Mitochondrial metabolic pathways involving dihydrolipomide dehydrogenase (DLDH), which include the pyruvate to acetyl-CoA pathway, the α-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA pathway, and the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) to acyl-CoA pathway. The glycine cleavage pathway that also involves DLDH is not shown here. DLDH-involved complexes are indicated by dotted red arrows on the figure. BCAA: branched chain amino acids; NAD+: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH: reduced form of NAD+; AAs: amino acids; α-KGDC: alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; BCKA: branched chain keto acid; BCKACD: branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase complex; PDC: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.