Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample according to the randomization group.
| Outcomes | Total (n = 31) |
Perindopril (n = 10) |
Losartan (n = 13) |
HCTZ (n = 8) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, % | 61.3 | 50.0 | 69.2 | 62.5 |
| Age, years | 70.6 (6.1) | 72.9 (7.2) | 71.0 (6.2) | 67.1 (2.2) |
| MMSE | 27.8 (1.5) | 27.9 (1.3) | 27.8 (1.7) | 27.6 (1.5) |
| Race, Caucasian, % | 67.7 | 80.0 | 69.2 | 50.0 |
| Education, college graduate, % | 54.8 | 60.0 | 53.8 | 50.0 |
| Measurements | ||||
| Weight, kg | 91.3 (14.3) | 88.6 (14.8) | 93.6 (16.4) | 91.0 (10.9) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 33.4 (6.0) | 31.7 (6.6) | 34.5 (6.4) | 33.8 (4.5) |
| Total body fat mass, kg | 38.5 (11.4) | 37.1(12.2) | 40.3 (12.6) | 37.6 (9.2) |
| Total lean mass, kg | 48.0 (7.4) | 47.2 (7.7) | 48.5 (8.8) | 48.1 (5.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 133.8 (15.3) | 133.2 (10.9) | 134.8 (14.5) | 132.9 (22.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.1 (9.1) | 79.3 (4.6) | 81.2 (10.0) | 83.1 (12.3) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.1 (37.3) | 187.6 (29.6) | 193.2 (43.9) | 176.4 (36.3) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 58.4 (14.0) | 63.2 (10.4) | 56.2 (15.6) | 55.9 (15.5) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 105.0 (31.3) | 100.1 (27.5) | 111.5 (37.6) | 100.6 (26.0) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 122.1 (50.5) | 121.5 (49.6) | 134.9 (58.4) | 101.9 (33.7) |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 95.7 (9.5) | 93.9 (6.7) | 96.4 (12.1) | 96.8 (8.4) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| BUN/Creatinine ratio, mg/dL | 20.2 (6.3) | 20.7 (4.5) | 19.1 (6.9) | 21.2 (7.5) |
| Functional Measures | ||||
| 6-min walk distance, m | 394.8 (80.9) | 392.5 (72.2) | 388.1 (97.8) | 408.8 (68.2) |
| SPPB | 10.5 (1.3) | 10.1 (1.5) | 10.4 (1.4) | 11.1 (0.8) |
| CHAMPS, min/week | 51.0 (51.1) | 46.0 (48.4) | 50.8 (46.2) | 57.5 (66.5) |
| 4-m gait speed, m/s | 0.97 (0.15) | 0.95 (0.17) | 0.98 (0.14) | 0.99 (0.13) |
| Energy Expenditure | ||||
| Energy expenditure, cal/day | 2267 (352) | 2279 (375) | 2492 (647) | 2162 (269) |
| Low PA, min/day | 283.0 (190.1) | 317.6 (171.8) | 442.8 (226.4) | 236.2 (137.4) |
| Moderate or higher PA, min/day | 46.9 (30.0) | 55.0 (30.5) | 72.8 (30.2) | 41.2 (22.7) |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| Total intake, kcal/day | 1737 (569) | 1938 (508) | 1624 (725) | 1655 (304) |
| Protein, gr/day | 68.9 (21.4) | 73.9 (17.7) | 63.6 (26.7) | 70.8 (17.2) |
| Carbohydrate, gr/day | 215.9 (67.8) | 240.7 (64.6) | 206.3 (77.4) | 199.0 (54.5) |
| Sugar, gr/day | 77.8 (30.0) | 78.1 (25.5) | 79.5 (35.9) | 74.6 (29.4) |
| Fat, gr/day | 69.2 (33.4) | 74.9 (31.3) | 62.5 (42.9) | 72.2 (17.7) |
| Vitamin D, μg | 2.76 (4.74) | 2.79 (3.14) | 3.61 (6.90) | 1.37 (1.18) |
| Medication | ||||
| Total medication, n | 3.7 (1.6) | 3.8 (1.8) | 3.9 (1.7) | 3.4 (1.5) |
| Antidyslipidemic medication, % | 45.2 | 50.0 | 30.8 | 62.5 |
| ACEs, % | 32.3 | 50.0 | 30.8 | 12.5 |
| ARA, % | 22.6 | 10.0 | 23.1 | 37.5 |
Notes: ACEs: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. ARA: Angiotensin receptor antagonist. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen. CHAMPS: Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. HDL: High-density lipoprotein. LDL: Low-density lipoprotein. MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination. PA: Physical activity. SPPB: Short physical performance battery. HCTZ: Hydrochlorothiazide. Physical activity was defined as low (<3.0 metabolic equivalents (METS)) and as moderate or higher (≥3.0 METS). Data are expressed as mean (SD), count, or percentage as appropriate.