Table 1.
Maternal Demographic, Employment, and Pregnancy Characteristics by Breastfeeding Initiation (Never versus Ever).
| Characteristic | Breastfed | p-Value 1 Sig.2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 669) | Never (n = 119) | Ever (n = 550) | ||||
| Demographics | Age (years) | 15 to 17 | 0.6% (n = 4) | 2.5% (n = 3) | 0.2% (n = 1) | 0.025 * |
| 18 to 34 | 74.9% (n = 501) | 78.2% (n = 93) | 74.2% (n = 408) | |||
| 35 and over | 12.6% (n = 84) | 8.4% (n = 10) | 13.5% (n = 74) | |||
| Not Reported | 12.0% (n = 80) | 10.9% (n = 13) | 12.2% (n = 67) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | Other | 14.9% (n = 100) | 9.2% (n = 11) | 16.2% (n = 89) | 0.123 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 84.9% (n = 568) | 90.8% (n = 108) | 83.6% (n = 460) | |||
| Not Reported | 0.1% (n = 1) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 0.2% (n = 1) | |||
| Employment | Status | Full time | 26.9% (n = 180) | 28.6% (n = 34) | 26.5% (n = 146) | 0.723 |
| Part time | 25.6% (n = 171) | 21.8% (n = 26) | 26.4% (n = 145) | |||
| Other | 47.2% (n = 316) | 49.6% (n = 59) | 46.7% (n = 257) | |||
| Not Reported | 0.3% (n = 2) | 0.0% (n = 0) | 0.4% (n = 2) | |||
| Industry | Accommodation | 22.8% (n = 84) | 33.8% (n = 22) | 20.4% (n = 62) | 0.011 * | |
| Healthcare | 25.2% (n = 93) | 20.0% (n = 13) | 26.3% (n = 80) | |||
| Retail | 17.6% (n = 65) | 24.6% (n = 16) | 16.1% (n = 49) | |||
| Other | 34.4% (n = 127) | 21.5% (n = 14) | 37.2% (n = 113) | |||
| During Pregnancy | Hoping to Feed | Combination | 29.0% (n = 194) | 27.7% (n = 33) | 29.3% (n = 161) | 0.000 * |
| Breastfeeding only | 55.0% (n = 368) | 12.6% (n = 15) | 64.2% (n = 353) | |||
| Formula only | 13.3% (n = 89) | 56.3% (n = 67) | 4.0% (n = 22) | |||
| Not Reported | 2.7% (n = 18) | 3.4% (n = 4) | 2.5% (n = 14) | |||
| Received Information | Yes | 95.1% (n = 636) | 92.4% (n = 110) | 95.6% (n = 526) | 0.224 | |
| No | 4.0% (n = 27) | 5.9% (n = 7) | 3.6% (n = 20) | |||
| Not Reported | 0.9% (n = 6) | 1.7% (n = 2) | 0.7% (n = 4) | |||
1p-Value based on Fisher’s exact tests or Fisher’s exact tests with Freeman and Halton’s adaptations for RxC tables. 2 Statistical significance (*) was based on an alpha of 0.05 with Bonferroni correction based on the number of comparisons within each category or domain (with no correction for demographic variables). A Monte Carlo estimation with 10,000,000 samples was used to calculate Fisher–Freeman–Halton statistics for tables with industry. Estimates were considered marginally significant (^) if they met the alpha criteria of 0.05 but were no longer significant after Bonferroni correction.