Table 2.

Mitochondrial diseases and their genomic localization.

Disease	Clinical Manifestations	Location
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)	Bilateral, painless subacute visual failure	Mutations in MT-ND1, MT-ND4 or MT-ND6 gene [179,180]
Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF)	Myoclonus epilepsy, ataxia, muscle weakness and dementia	Mutations in MT-TK encoding tRNA lysine (tRNALys). A-to-G transition at nucleotide 8344 [178,181]
Pearson’s syndrome	Sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas dysfunction	Mitochondrial DNA deletion [174,182]
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (KSS)	Pigmentary retinopathy	Mitochondrial DNA deletion [176]
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS)	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes. Other features include headache, seizures, muscle weakness	Point mutation in the tRNA leucineUUR gene of mitochondrial DNA. A to G transition at nucleotide 3243 [173]