Table 1.

Sporadic and genetic types of Parkinson’s Disease (PD).

Sporadic PD
Disruption of protein clearance pathways Accumulation of α -synuclein protein Mitochondrial dysfunction Excitotoxicity Oxidative stress Neuroinflammation
Genetic PD
SNCA	Accumulation of α-synuclein protein aggregates.
PRKN	Decrease in DJ-1 and PARKIN proteins, which leads to mitochondria dysfunction when in oxidative stress conditions.
PARK7
UCHL-1	No stabilization of ubiquitin monomers, which can lead to ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction.
PINK1	Reduction in PTEN induced putative kinase 1 activity, which can lead to mitochondria malfunction.
PARK8	Overexpression of LRRK2 that causes DAn loss, accompanied by the presence of LB.