Table 7.
Physicochemical properties of raw and treated pilot fluoride rich groundwater.
| Parameters | Ions Concentrations in Raw Pilot Water before Treatment (mg/L) | Ions Concentrations in Treated Pilot Water (mg/L) | Ions Concentrations in Treated Pilot Water (mg/L) | WHO Permissible Limits (mg/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 8.0 | 6.0 | 8.5 | 6.5–8.5 |
| F− | 5.338 | 4.174 | 4.271 | 1–1.5 |
| Cl− | 5.078 | 34.150 | 34.255 | 250 |
| Br− | 0.409 | 0.388 | 0.408 | 200 |
| SO42− | 12.212 | 12.213 | 12.213 | 200–400 |
| PO43− | 4.84 | 2.198 | 2.019 | 20–50 |
| NO3− | ND | ND | ND | 50–100 |
| Na+ | 65.44 | 102.30 | 81.50 | 200–250 |
| K+ | 19.4 | 68.50 | 66.30 | 200–250 |
| Ca2+ | 2.75 | 3.15 | 6.80 | 75 |
| Mg2+ | 21.25 | 22.55 | 51.50 | 50 |