Table 2.
Demographic and clinical HIV patients and control group characteristics
| HIV-negative (n = 18) | HIV-positive (n = 20) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68 ± 5 | 57 ± 5 | p < 0.05a |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 11 (61.1%) | 16 (80.0%) | p = 0.209b |
| Female | 7 (38.9%) | 4 (20.0%) | |
| CD4 T cells count; cell/μL | – | 409 (IQR: 279,744) | – |
| CD4 nadir T cells count; cell/μL | – | 74 (IQR: 39,220) | – |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | – | 0.71 (IQR: 0.37,1.16) | – |
| HIV-1 viral load; copies/μL | – | 34 ± 9.4 | – |
| Tobacco Use: | |||
| No risk | 3 (16.7%) | 5 (25.0%) | p = 0.697b |
| Moderate | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (5.0%) | p = 0.170b |
| Moderate/intense | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (5.0%) | p = 0.595b |
| High | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (5.0%) | p = 1.000b |
| No consumption | 8 (44.4%) | 12 (60.0%) | p = 0.332b |
| Alcohol use | |||
| Yes | 10 (55.6%) | 5 (25.0%) | p < 0.05c |
| No | 8 (44.4%) | 15 (75.0%) | |
| Drugs antecedent | |||
| Yes | 1 (5.6%) | 13 (65.0%) | p < 0.05b |
| No | 17 (94.4%) | 7 (35.0%) | |
| Body Mass Index | |||
| Normal | 8 (44.4%) | 11 (55.0%) | p = 0.513c |
| Overweight | 10 (55.6%) | 9 (45.0%) | |
| Waist diameter | |||
| Men | p = 1.000c | ||
| < 90 cm | 6 (54.5%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| ≥ 90 cm | 5 (45.5%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| Women | p = 1.000b | ||
| < 80 cm | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (25.0%) | |
| ≥ 80 cm | 5 (71.4%) | 3 (75.0%) | |
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | p = 1.000b |
| No | 17 (94.4%) | 18 (90.0%) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | |||
| Yes | 8 (55.6%) | 11 (55.0%) | p = 0.513c |
| No | 10 (44.4%) | 8 (40.0%) | |
| Unknown | – | 1 (5.0%) | |
| Depression PHQ-9 | |||
| Yes | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (5.0%) | p = 1.000b |
| No | 17 (94.4%) | 19 (95.0%) | |
| IBS QoL | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | p = 0.860a |
| VACS | 15.9 ± 9.3 | – | |
| Fragility score | |||
| No-fragility | 9 (50) | 5 (25.0) | p = 0.179c |
| Pre-fragility | 4 (22.2) | 14 (70.0) | p < 0.05c |
| Fragility | 5 (27.8) | 1 (5.0) | p = 0.467c |
| Albumin; g/dL | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.5 | p = 0.180a |
| hs-CRP; μg/mL | 3.5 ± 2.19 | 2.12 ± 2.05 | p < 0.05a |
| sCD14; ng/mL | 1131.0 (887.1–1559.3) | 819.7 (739.6–1030.2) | p < 0.05d |
| SCFAs; mM | |||
| Total | 46.17 ± 12.9 | 57.12 ± 13.49 | p < 0.05a |
| Acetic acid | 3.86 ± 3.79 | 1.52 ± 1.9 | p < 0.05a |
| Propionic acid | 41.07 ± 15.62 | 55.05 ± 14.25 | p < 0.05a |
| Butyric acid | 0.99 ± 1.55 | 0.32 ± 0.41 | p < 0.05a |
| Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio | 1.7 ± 0.62 | 2.37 ± 0.92 | p < 0.05a |
aStudent’s t-test, bFisher exact, cChi square, dU of Mann-Whitney test