Fig. 8.

History of CfERV-Fc1(a) germline invasion in the Canidae. A timeline of major events in canid or CfERV-Fc1(a) evolutionary history relative to estimated insertion events. At the approximate time point, branching events of the major canid lineages are indicated by arrows along the timeline with colors matching Fig. 1. Indicated by proviruses to the right of the timeline are estimated insertion times based on genotyping data from Fig. 5. a Based on its presence in all canids, the recombination event that formed the provirus (b), which infected canid ancestors occurred sometime between the split of the major Caniform lineages (a) and the origins of canids in North America (c). Following the migration to Eurasia (d), a major species radiation occurred in the wolf-like canid lineage (e). Finally, the comparatively recent re-introduction of gray wolves in North America reflects the split between the Old and New World wolves (f), which likely partially coincided with the domestication of Old World Wolves (g). Estimated timings for events a–c are supported by [35], d, e by [113], f by [114], and g by [44]