Table 3.

Poisson regression results: controlled substances, 1999‐2016

	Controlled substances				Controlled prescription substances
GS	−0.1196 [0.1165]	−0.1202 [0.1184]	−0.1097 [0.1077]	−0.1181 [0.1040]	−0.0849 [0.1128]	−0.0715 [0.1094]	−0.0740 [0.1056]	−0.0815 [0.1077]
PDMP		0.0031 [0.0487]	0.0004 [0.0471]	0.0022 [0.0475]		−0.0652* [0.0381]	−0.0681* [0.0377]	−0.0666* [0.0382]
PMC			0.0673 [0.1423]	0.0420 [0.1285]			−0.0211 [0.1329]	−0.0538 [0.1251]
MML			0.0425 [0.0940]	0.0318 [0.0873]			0.0523 [0.1192]	0.0361 [0.1085]
N	907	907	907	907	886	886	886	886
Covariates	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
State/Year Fixed Effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Tables contain Poisson regression coefficients and clustered standard errors in brackets. Deaths derived from CDC WONDER, 1999‐2016, with underlying causes of death (X40‐44; Y10‐14; X85; X60‐64) and multiple cause of death by category of drug. Controlled substances (T40.0‐T40.9, T42.3‐42.4, T43.6, T41.2; excluded 52.8 as this category is not in Table 2 definitions per CDC guidelines) and controlled prescription substances (T40.2‐40.3, T41.2, T42.3‐42.4; excluded 40.4 and 40.6 as these are not categories which are exclusively prescription). Counts of deaths have a minimum of 10 per CDC WONDER; counts of less than 10 are suppressed and recorded as missing in the data.

GS, Good Samaritan policy; MML, presence of medical marijuana dispensary; PDMP, prescription drug monitoring program; PMC, pain management clinic policy.

*P < 0.10, **P < 0.05, ***P < 0.01.