Skip to main content
. 2019 Jan 6;21:68–81. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.001

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Intranasal insulin application reduces food intake and weight development in HFD-fed mice. A: Experimental setup of intranasal insulin treatment of 6 week old male C57BL/6N mice feeding a HFD for a total of four days. S = saline, I = insulin. B: Average 9 h food intake per cage after intranasal insulin application of 6 week-old C57BL/6N mice fed a HFD. Two male mice were housed per cage with a total of 16 saline and 16 insulin treated mice. n = 8 (per treatment). C: Average 24 h food intake per cage after intranasal insulin application of mice fed a HFD. Two male mice were housed per cage with a total of 16 saline and 16 insulin treated mice. n = 8 (per treatment). D: Body weight gain of intranasal saline and insulin treated mice fed a HFD for three consecutive days. n = 16 (per treatment). E, F: (D) Blood glucose and (E) plasma insulin concentrations of mice fed a HFD and treated with intranasal saline or insulin for four consecutive days. Each group n = 15–16 (per treatment). G: Average 1 h HFD food intake after overnight fast of mice treated with intranasal saline or insulin. Each group n = 15–16. H: Hypothalamic protein expression of HSP60, ATF4, CHOP, LONP1, and CLPP and densitometric analysis of 6 week-old C57BL/6N mice fed a HFD after intranasal saline or insulin treatment, n = 4–8. β-Actin served as a loading control. two-way ANOVA, insulin's effect. All the data are presented as mean ± SEM. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, ****, P < 0.0001. I: Model of hypothalamic insulin regulation of the MSR.