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M-CSF and IL-34 expression in ATLL. The expression of M-CSF and IL-34 mRNA was determined with qPCR (A). The expression of M-CSF and IL-34 protein was determined with IHC using cell block specimens of ATL-T and MOLT-4 cell lines (B). IHC for M-CSF and IL-34 was performed using biopsy sections of ATLL (C). The arrowhead indicates positive staining for IL-34 in endothelial cells (C). Summary of M-CSF, IL-34, and M-CSFR expression in ATLL cases (D). n.d.; not detected.
