Table 1.

Levels of gross domestic expenditure in R&D (% of GDP)

Expenditure on R&D (% of GDP)	Countries
>0.6	Egypt, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia
0.4–0.6	Ethiopia, Gabon, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda
0.2–0.4	Botswana, Ghana, Nigeria, Seychelles, Sudan, Togo, Zambia
0.1–0.2	Burkina Faso, Burundi, Gambia, Mauritius, Namibia
0<0.1	Algeria, Cabo Verde, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar
No data	Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Libya, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Swaziland, Zimbabwe

Sources: refs^13–15.

GDP, gross domestic product; R&D, research and development.