Table 1.
Key funding mechanisms for global health R&D, launched 2013–2016
| Funding mechanism | Launch year | Partners | Description | Funding mobilised (by 2018) |
| Global Health Investment Fund (GHIF) | 2013 | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, J.P. Morgan | Mobilises capital from high-net worth individuals and institutions to fund late-stage innovations for neglected diseases, seeking social impact and a return on investment | US$108 million |
| Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT Fund) | 2013 | Japanese government, Japanese pharmaceutical companies, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, United Nations Development Programme | Invests in the discovery, preclinical, and other development phases of neglected disease projects, including HIV/AIDS, malaria, TB and NTDs | US$345 million committed (US$145 million in funding from 2013 to 2017 and US$200 million secured for 2018–2020) |
| Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator (CARB-X) | 2016 | Wellcome Trust, US Department of Health and Human Services Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, UK Department of Health and Social Care, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Boston University | Provides grants, scientific and business support to advance the early stages of innovative antibiotics and other therapeutics, vaccines, rapid diagnostics and devices to address drug-resistant bacterial infections | $500 million from 2016 to 2021 |
| Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) | 2016 | WHO, Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative | Identifies gaps in the antibiotic pipeline and partners with research institutions and pharmaceutical companies to advance product development, particularly of new therapeutics | US$65 million pledged |
| Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) | 2016 | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, World Economic Forum, European Commission and the Governments of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, India, Japan, and Norway |
Focuses on pre-outbreak vaccine development for priority diseases from the WHO R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics | US$630 million raised of US$1 billion goal |
NTD, neglected tropical disease.