Table 3.
Univariate analysis of variables which predict recurrent instability
| Regression coefficient | SE | P value | OR | 95% CI | |
| Bony Bankart† | 1.29 | 0.64 | 0.04 | 3.65 | 1.05 to 12.70 |
| Hill-Sachs lesion | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.38 | 1.45 | 0.63 to 3.35 |
| Age | −0.05 | 0.03 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.90 to 1.10 |
| 16–20 versus other | −0.54 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.27 to 1.27 |
| 21–26 versus other | −0.23 | 0.45 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.33 to 1.92 |
| 26–30 versus other | 0.78 | 0.62 | 0.21 | 2.18 | 0.65 to 7.34 |
| 31–35 versus other | 0.42 | 0.59 | 0.48 | 1.52 | 0.48 to 4.79 |
| 36–40 versus other | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 1.50 | 0.42 to 5.32 |
| 16–25 versus other† | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 2.10 | 0.94 to 4.72 |
| Gender | −0.16 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.36 to 3.84 |
| Height | −0.00 | 0.02 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.95 to 1.04 |
| Weight | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 1.01 | 0.99 to 1.04 |
| BMI | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 1.04 | 0.95 to 1.14 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | −0.05 | 0.79 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.20 to 4.50 |
| European Other† | −1.63 | 0.79 | 0.04 | 5.08 | 1.08 to 23.92 |
| NZ European | −0.38 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.68 | 0.32 to 1.48 |
| NZ Māori | 0.71 | 0.58 | 0.22 | 2.04 | 0.65 to 6.33 |
| Other | 0.34 | 1.43 | 0.81 | 1.40 | 0.09 to 22.98 |
| Pasifika | 0.41 | 0.65 | 0.53 | 1.50 | 0.42 to 5.32 |
| Ethnic group: Other versus NZ Euro/NZ Māori/Pasifika* | −0.88 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 0.415 | 0.149 to 1.152 |
| Limb side | |||||
| Dominance | −0.98 | 0.69 | 0.16 | 0.38 | 0.10 to 1.46 |
| Side affected | −0.47 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 0.29 to 1.35 |
| Dominant affected* | 0.63 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 1.877 | 0.87 to 4.06 |
| Occupation | |||||
| Manual sedentary | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 1.34 | 0.62 to 2.94 |
| Overhead below shoulder | 0.55 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.25 to 1.36 |
| Family history | 0.07 | 0.51 | 0.90 | 1.07 | 0.40 to 2.87 |
| Hypermobile | 0.49 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.61 | 0.25 to 1.47 |
| Mechanism | |||||
| Sports | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.90 | 1.06 | 0.45 to 2.52 |
| Assault | −0.34 | 1.02 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.10 to 5.23 |
| Other/MVA | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.29 | 0.54 | 0.15 to 1.76 |
| Falls | −0.81 | 0.68 | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.12 to 1.68 |
| Immobilised† | −0.97 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.15 to 0.98 |
| Physiotherapy | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.33 to 1.81 |
| Sport | |||||
| Contact versus other | −0.74 | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.19 to 1.19 |
| Collision versus other | −0.69 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.20 to 1.23 |
| Limited contact versus other* | −0.97 | 0.58 | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.12 to 1.17 |
| Non-contact versus other | 0.07 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.08 | 0.34 to 3.37 |
| Sports professional/recreation | −0.40 | 1.03 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.09 to 5.04 |
| SAS contact Y/N* | 0.72 | 0.40 | 0.07 | 2.05 | 0.94 to 4.46 |
| OH versus non-OH | −0.33 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.72 | 0.27 to 1.90 |
| Global rate of change | −0.02 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.98 | 0.96 to 1.01 |
| SAS† | 0.13 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.13 | 1.01 to 1.27 |
| Pain-Initial | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.71 | 1.03 | 0.90 to 1.17 |
| Pain-Now | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 1.16 | 0.95 to 1.43 |
| SPADI-Total† | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 1.03 | 1.01 to 1.06 |
| SPADI-Pain* | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 1.03 | 1.00 to 1.05 |
| SPADI-Function† | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 1.04 | 1.01 to 1.07 |
| TSK-11† | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 1.12 | 1.01 to 1.26 |
| WOSI-Total† | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 |
| WOSI-Physical† | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 1.02 | 1.00 to 1.04 |
| WOSI-Life* | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 1.03 | 0.99 to 1.08 |
| WOSI-Recreation | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.69 | 1.01 | 0.97 to 1.05 |
| WOSI-Emotion† | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 1.07 | 1.02 to 1.13 |
*Significant at p≤0.10.
†Significant at p≤0.05.
BMI, body mass index; MVA, motor vehicle accident; NZ, New Zealand; non-OH, non-overhead sport; OH, overhead sport; SAS, Shoulder Activity Scale; SPADI, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index; TSK-11, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; WOSI, Western Ontario Stability Index.