Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Calif J Health Promot. 2018;16(1):16–23.

Table 1.

Differences in Potential Confounders by Self-reported Depression

Parameter Depression = NO
(n = 1,210)
Depression = YES
(n = 132)
p-value1
Age [mean (SE)] 46.9 (0.56) 47.3 (0.71) 0.67
Male [% (SE)] 52.0 (1.77) 34.9 (6.30) 0.04
Race/Ethnicity [% (SE)] 0.003
 White 74.4 (3.06) 68.9 (4.95)
 Hispanic 12.1 (2.59) 9.0 (2.39)
 African American 9.0 (0.86) 19.5 (3.96)
 Other 4.5 (0.92) 2.6 (1.70)
Education Level [% (SE)] 0.01
 < High School 16.0 (1.46) 29.4 (5.07)
 High School Grad/GED 21.0 (1.89) 24.4 (4.13)
 Some College 32.1 (1.20) 31.6 (5.58)
 College Grad 30.9 (1.74) 14.6 (6.3)
Income-to-Poverty Ratio Tertile [% (SE)] < 0.0001
 < 2.18 30.3 (1.23) 55.3 (5.43)
 2.18 – 4.35 35.2 (2.09) 22.9 (4.44)
 > 4.35 34.5 (1.44) 21.9 (3.11)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) [mean (SE)] 28.7 (0.24) 31.4 (0.94) 0.02
Used Anti-Depressants in Past Month [% (SE)] 9.4 (1.18) 41.0 (4.93) < 0.0001
Metabolic Hours Tertile [% (SE)] 0.07
 < 7.8 29.8 (1.89) 47.1 (5.49)
 7.8 – 45.7 36.7 (1.83) 24.6 (4.18)
 > 45.7 33.5 (1.88) 28.3 (5.68)
Smoking Status [% (SE)] 0.004
 Never 54.0 (1.03) 35.5 (6.03)
 Former 26.9 (1.05) 25.3 (4.47)
 Current 19.2 (0.88) 39.2 (5.36)
Alcoholic Drinks/Day Tertile [% (SE)] 0.002
 < 0.5 17.8 (1.42) 33.1 (4.05)
 0.5 – 1.8 29.1 (1.31) 27.5 (4.59)
 > 1.8 53.0 (1.75) 39.5 (5.36)
Total Energy Intake Tertile (kcal/day) [% (SE)] 0.14
 < 1706 32.3 (1.56) 37.8 (4.44)
 1706 – 2434 33.9 (1.48) 36.1 (5.78)
 > 2434 33.8 (1.58) 26.1 (6.25)
1

Based on SAS procedure SURVEYREG for continuous variables (including tertile) and SURVEYLOGISTIC for categorical variables.