Table I.
Characteristics of the study sample: no cystic periventricular leukomalacia vs disappeared cystic periventricular leukomalacia vs persistent cystic periventricular leukomalacia vs late cystic periventricular leukomalacia
| Variables/ characteristics | No cystic periventricular leukomalacia (n = 6630) | Disappeared cystic periventricular leukomalacia (n = 76) | Persistent cystic periventricular leukomalacia (n = 87) | Late cystic periventricular leukomalacia (n = 270) | Disappeared cystic periventricular leukomalacia vs no cystic periventricular leukomalacia P value, OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal | |||||
| Antenatal steroids | 5609 (85) | 56 (74) | 69 (80) | 206 (76) | .01, 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) |
| Multiple birth | 1519 (23) | 14 (18) | 22 (25) | 53 (20) | .35, 0.76 (0.42, 1.36) |
| Chorioamnionitis | 1988 (50) | 31 (53) | 37 (60) | 78 (47) | .70, 1.11 (0.66, 1.85) |
| Education | |||||
| <high school | 1299 (20) | 19 (25) | 12 (14) | 47 (18) | .24, 1.37 (0.81, 2.31) |
| ≥high school | 3689 (56) | 39 (52) | 53 (61) | 133 (50) | .44, 0.84 (0.53, 1.32) |
| Unknown | 1552 (24) | 17 (23) | 22 (25) | 84 (32) | .83, 0.94 (0.55, 1.62) |
| Neonatal | |||||
| Male | 3409 (51) | 38 (50) | 43 (49) | 129 (48) | .80, 0.94 (0.60, 1.48) |
| Birth weight, g (mean ± SD) | 751.2 ± 151.8 | 762.4 ± 146.8 | 787.1 ± 141.9* | 742.7 ± 160.3* | .52, 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
| GA, wk (mean ± SD) | 25.4 ± 1.0 | 24.9 ± 0.9† | 25.3 ± 0.9† | 25.1 ± 0.9 | <.01, 0.67 (0.54, 0.83) |
| Small for GA | 386 (6) | 0 | 2(2) | 14(5) | Not applicable |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 3457 (53) | 37 (49) | 53 (62) | 139 (52) | .55, 0.87 (0.55, 1.37) |
| Black | 2744 (42) | 34 (45) | 29 (34) | 121 (46) | .55, 1.15 (0.73, 1.82) |
| Other | 347 (5) | 4 (5) | 3 (4) | 5(2) | .99, 1.01 (0.37, 2.77) |
| 5-min Apgar <4 | 737 (11) | 15 (20) | 13 (15) | 40 (15) | .02, 1.98 (1.12, 3.51) |
| ICH | 1535 (61) | 67 (88)‡ | 66 (76)‡ | 178 (84) | <.01, 4.68 (2.32, 9.43) |
| PDA | 3912 (59) | 53 (70) | 52 (60) | 153 (57) | .06, 1.60 (0.98, 2.62) |
| Late onset sepsis | 2832 (43) | 36 (47) | 38 (44) | 130 (48) | .41, 1.21 (0.77, 1.90) |
| NEC | 707 (11) | 12 (16) | 16 (18) | 46 (17) | .15, 1.57 (0.84, 2.92) |
| BPD | 3956 (60) | 56 (74) | 67 (77) | 183 (68) | .01, 1.87 (1.12, 3.13) |
| ROP ≥stage 3 | 1837 (28) | 27 (36) | 31 (36) | 89 (33) | .13, 1.44 (0.90, 2.31) |
| Postnatal steroids | 1466 (22) | 8 (11)§ | 21 (24)§ | 69 (26) | .02, 0.42 (0.20, 0.87) |
| Porencephalic cyst cranial | 135 (7) | 22 (33) | 21 (24) | 42 (16) | <.01, 6.98 (4.07, 11.96) |
ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.
Porencephalic cyst—on closest to 36 weeks PMA cranial imaging, ICH—blood in ventricles or in parenchyma.
Percentages based on nonmissing responses; P values between the 2 groups denoted with
*
are 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively.
†
are 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively.
‡
are 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively.
§
are 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively.