. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Treat Options Pediatr. 2018 Nov 16;4(4):467–479. doi: 10.1007/s40746-018-0145-9

Table 1.

Lower Airway and Other Conditions Associated with Chronic Cough

Condition	Other Sign/Symptoms	Diagnostic Evaluation	Other Considerations
Lower Airway
Pulmonary Eosinophilia	Wheezing, Non-responsive to asthma therapy	2-view Chest x-ray Spirometry	FeNO
Refractory Asthma	Wheezing, Non-responsive to asthma therapy	2-view Chest x-ray Spirometry	Chest CT
Chronic Suppurative Bronchitis	Wet cough	Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL
Bronchiectasis	Recurrent pneumonia	Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL
Bronchomalacia	Fixed cough, not responsive to therapy
Vascular Sling/Ring	Fixed cough, not responsive to therapy
Complete Ring	Dyspnea
Mass	Dyspnea
Genetic
Cystic Fibrosis	GI symptoms, poor weight gain	Sweat Test	Genetic Testing
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia	Recurrent pneumonia, digital clubbing, nasal polyps Sino-pulmonary infections	Nasal Nitric Oxide	Ciliary Biopsy
Immunologic
Hyper-IgE Syndromes	Atopy, non-responsive to asthma therapy	CBC with Differential	Immunology Referral
Eosinophilic Syndromes	Atopy, non-responsive to asthma therapy	Immunoglobulin Studies
IgA Deficiency	Sino-pulmonary infections	Vaccine Response Titers
Other Immunodeficiency	Skin infections	Oxidative burst
Rheumatologic Conditions	Pleural effusion		Rheumatology referral
	Joint pain, swelling

FeNO: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide

BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage

CT: Computed Tomography