TABLE 2.
Quantitative measures collected from lateral cephalographs
| Trait name | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basicranial traits | |
| Ba-N | Linear distance between Ba and N |
| Ba-PNS | Linear distance between Ba and PNS |
| Ba-S | Linear distance between Ba and S |
| Cranial deflection | Angular measure between Ba-N plane and the Frankfort horizontal |
| N-S-Ba | Angular measure from N to S to Ba |
| Porion location | Linear distance from Po to CF |
| Posterior condyle | Linear distance between Sella and PCd |
| S-N | Linear distance between S and N |
| S-PNS | Linear distance between S and PNS |
| S-Se | Linear distance between S and Se |
| Maxillary traits | |
| ANB | Angular measure from Pt. A to N to Pt. B |
| Ba-Pt. A | Linear distance between Ba and Pt. A |
| Maxillary depth | Angular measure from Frankfort horizontal to N-Pt. A plane |
| Maxillary height | Angular measure from N to CF to Pt. A |
| N-PNS | Linear distance between N and PNS |
| N-Pt. A | Linear distance between N and Pt. A |
| Palatal plane | Angular measure between Frankfort horizontal and Palatal Plane |
| PNS-Pt. A | Linear distance between PNS and Pt. A |
| UI to N-A | Linear distance from A1 to N-A plane |
| Upper incisor protrusion | Linear distance between A1 and Pt. A – Pog plane |
| Upper incisor inclination | Angle between the axis of the upper central incisor to the Pt. A-Pog plane |
| Mandibular traits | |
| Ar-Go | Linear distance between Ar and Go |
| Ar-Pt. B | Linear distance between Ar and Point B |
| Ba-Ar | Linear distance between Ba and Ar |
| Corpus length | Linear distance between Xi and Pm |
| Cranial length | Linear distance between CC and N |
| Go-Me | Linear distance between Go and Me |
| Ar-Me | Linear distance between Ar and Me |
| Posterior facial height | Linear distance from Go to CF |
| Lower incisor extrusion | Linear distance from B1 to Occlusal plane |
| Lower incisor protrusion | Linear distance from B1 to Pt. A-Pog plane |
| Lower incisor inclination | Angle between the axis of the lower central incisor to the Pt. A-Pog plane |
| Mandibular plane angle | Angular measure from Goc to Me to Pog |
| Mandibular arch | Angular measure from DC to Xi to Pm |
| Gonial angle | Angular measure from Ar to Go to Me |
| Go-Gn-SN | Angular measure between Go-Gn plane and S-N plane |
| Splanchnocranial traits | |
| Facial axis | Angular measure between BA-N plane and line from foramen rotundum to Gn |
| Facial depth | Angular measure between Frankfort horizontal and Facial plane |
| Facial taper | Angular measure between mandibular plane (Go-Me) and N-Pog plane |
| Canine relation | Linear distance from canine tips (A3-B3) in the occlusal plane |
| Molar relation | Linear distance between A6 and B6 in occlusal plane |
| Convexity | Linear distance from Pt. A to the N-Pog plane |
| LI-N-B | Linear distance from B1 to N-Pt. B plane |
| Lower facial height | Angular measure from ANS to Xi to Pm |
| Interincisal angle | Angular measure between axis of upper and lower central incisors |
| N-S-PNS | Angular measure from N to S to PNS |
| Occlusal plane inclination | Angular measure between Occlusal plane and S-N plane |
| Occ-R | Perpendicular distance from the Occlusal Plane to Xi |
| Overbite | Vertical linear distance between B1 and A1 |
| Overjet | Horizontal linear distance between B1 and A1 |
| Pog-to-N-B | Linear measure from Pog to N-Pt. B plane |
| Pog-to-S-N | Linear distance between Pog to S projected onto S-N plane |
| Ramus position | Angular measure from CF to Xi plane to Frankfort Horizontal |
| SNB | Angular measure from S to N to Pt. B |
| SND | Angular measure from S to N to D |
| S-N-Pt. A | Angular measure from S to N to Pt. A |
| S-Pt. A | Linear distance between S and Pt. A |
| UM position | Linear distance between A6 and PTM projected onto Frankfort horizontal |
| Neurocranial traits | |
| S-X60 | Linear distance between S and X60 |
| S-X70 | Linear distance between S and X70 |
| S-X80 | Linear distance between S and X80 |
| S-X90 | Linear distance between S and X90 |
| S-X100 | Linear distance between S and X100 |
| S-X110 | Linear distance between S and X110 |
| S-X120 | Linear distance between S and X120 |
| S-X130 | Linear distance between S and X130 |
| S-X140 | Linear distance between S and X140 |
| S-X150 | Linear distance between S and X150 |
| S-X160 | Linear distance between S and X160 |
| S-X170 | Linear distance between S and X170 |
| S-X180 | Linear distance between S and X180 |
| Soft tissue traits | |
| LE-Occ | Linear distance between STS and the occlusal plane |
| Lip protrusion | Linear distance between LL and the NT to Pog(st) plane |
| Lower lip protrusion | Angular measure from LL to NT-Pog(st) plane |
| UL protrusion | Linear distance from STS to Pog(st)-NT plane |