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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Kidney Int. 2018 Oct 23;94(6):1073–1086. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.034

Figure 1 ∣. Future of drug testing.

Figure 1 ∣

(a) Evolution of 3-dimensional (3D) physiologically relevant microfluidic models for nephrotoxicity screening. ECM, extracellular matrix. Adapted with permission from Wilmer MJ, Ng CP, Lanz HL, et al. Kidney-on-a-chip technology for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Trends Biotechnol. 2016;34:156–170.8 (b) Drug testing challenge and dilemma. Reproduced from Dehne EM, Hasenberg T, Marx U. The ascendance of microphysiological systems to solve the drug testing dilemma. Future Sci OA. 2017;3:FSO185.9 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.