Table 6. Previous reports of ATL development after allo-HSCT and organ transplantation.
| Year | ATL | Development of ATL | Age, sex | Transplantation | Recipient HTLV-1 |
Donor HTLV-1 |
Immune suppression | Therapy for ATL | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tamaki et al. | 2006 | ATL | 2 months | 63, F | BMT | + | + | CSP/PSL | Irradiation of 3060 cGy and rapid reduction of immunosuppressive agents |
32months alive |
| Nakamizo et al. | 2011 | ATL | 6 years | 46, F | BMT | + | + | CSP | Whole brain irradiation and localised irradiation |
27 months alive |
| Kitamura et al. | 2017 | ATL | 16 months | 52, M | BMT | + | - | FK/PSL | PSL | Several months, PD |
| Kawano and Yoshizumi et al. |
2006 | ATL | 6 months | 39, F | Liver trp | + | + | FK/PSL | Discontinuation of immune suppression agents |
15 days dead |
| Kawano and Yoshizumi et al. |
2006 | ATL | 2 years | 45, M | Liver trp | + | + | FK/PSL | Chemotherapy LSG 15 ③ |
3 months dead |
| Kawano and Yoshizumi et al. |
2006 | ATL | 9 months | 67, M | Liver trp | + | + | FK/PSL | Chemotherapy CHOP① and CHOV-VMMV③ |
5 months dead |
| Yoshizumi et al. | 2012 | ATL | 4 years | 48, M | Liver trp | - | + | CSP/PSL | Chemotherapy | 15 months dead |
| Iiona et al. | 2013 | ATL | 2 years | 59, M | Liver trp | - | + | FK/PSL | Chemotherapy | 27 months dead |
| Zanke et al. | 1989 | ATL | 2 years | 43, M | Renal trp | n.d. | n.d. | CSP/PSL | Chemotherapy CVP④ |
20 months alive |
| Tsurumi et al. | 1992 | ATL | 4 years | 32, M | Renal trp | + | - | CSP/ mizoribine |
Chemotherapy CHOP⑥, KM2210 |
13 months alive |
| Willizms et al. | 1994 | ATL | 13 years | 42, M | Renal trp | n.d. | n.d. | Azathioprine/PSL | No treatment | 1 day dead |
| Jenks et al. | 1995 | ATL | 9 months | 61, M | Renal trp | + | - | CSP/azathioprine/PSL | Chemotherapy CHOP① |
5 days dead |
| Mouri et al. | 2000 | ATL | 3 years | 49, F | Renal trp | n.d. | n.d. | FK/ azathioprine/PSL |
Chemotherapy CHOP① |
1month dead |
| Ichikawa et al. | 2000 | ATL | 10 years | 42, M | Renal trp | - | n.d. | CSP/azathioprine/PSL | Chemotherapy CHOP+radiation |
3months dead |
| Glowacka et al. | 2013 | ATL | 2 years | 59, M | Liver trp | - | + | FK | PSL | alive |
| Glowacka et al. | 2013 | ATL | 3 years | 28, M | Renal trp | - | n.d. | FK/MMF | PSL | alive |
In the present and previous reports of ATL development after allo-HSCT and organ transplantation (renal or liver transplantation), three cases were after allo-HSCT and 13 cases were after organ transplantation, including six cases after renal transplantation and five cases after liver transplantation. The majority of the cases were recipient-derived ATL, except for ATL development after allo-HSCT. Rapid development and progression were characteristic of ATL development after allo-HSCT and organ transplantation. At our institution, two HTLV-1 carriers who underwent allo-HSCT and renal transplantation did not develop ATL or HAM during careful follow-up.