TABLE 3.
Medical and demographic characteristics associated with sarcopenia among nonmetastatic CRC patients1
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Age, per 5 y | 1.06 (1.05,1.06) | <0.001 | 1.06 (1.05,1.07) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | ||||
| ≤50 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 50–60 | 1.72 (1.33,2.22) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.45,2.48) | <0.001 |
| 60–70 | 3.21 (2.51,4.10) | <0.001 | 3.71 (2.85,4.81) | <0.001 |
| 70–80 | 5.29 (4.14,6.76) | <0.001 | 6.19 (4.72,8.11) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | Reference | Reference | ||
| Females | 0.79 (0.69,0.91) | 0.001 | 0.71 (0.61,0.83) | <0.001 |
| TAT tertiles | ||||
| Tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Tertile 2 | 0.56 (0.47,0.67) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.43,0.62) | <0.001 |
| Tertile 3 | 0.59 (0.50,0.70) | <0.001 | 0.59 (0.48,0.71) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | Reference | Reference | ||
| African American | 0.47 (0.35,0.64) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.38,0.72) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.53 (0.42,0.68) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.52,0.86) | 0.002 |
| Asian | 1.03 (0.85,1.24) | 0.79 | 1.09 (0.87,1.35) | 0.45 |
| Weight change history2 | ||||
| Stable‚ <5% change | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥5% loss | 1.20 (0.98,1.47) | 0.08 | 1.04 (0.83,1.29) | 0.76 |
| ≥5% gain | 1.07 (0.75,1.53) | 0.70 | 1.10 (0.75,1.61) | 0.64 |
| Stage | ||||
| Stage I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Stage II | 1.42 (1.19,1.69) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.07,1.57) | 0.008 |
| Stage III | 1.14 (0.96,1.35) | 0.13 | 1.21 (1.01,1.46) | 0.04 |
| Site | ||||
| Colon | Reference | Reference | ||
| Rectal | 0.74 (0.63,0.87) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.75,1.06) | 0.20 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 or 2 | 1.08 (0.92,1.27) | 0.33 | 0.86 (0.72,1.03) | 0.10 |
| ≥3 | 1.12 (0.88,1.43) | 0.35 | 0.65 (0.49,0.86) | 0.003 |
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio3 | ||||
| <3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3–5 | 1.38 (1.13,1.68) | 0.002 | 1.26 (1.02,1.57) | 0.03 |
| ≥5 | 1.82 (1.48,2.26) | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.31,2.08) | <0.001 |
| Albumin4 | ||||
| ≥3.5 g/dL | Reference | Reference | ||
| <3.5 g/dL | 1.35 (0.93,1.96) | 0.11 | 0.96 (0.64,1.44) | 0.85 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Never smoker | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former smoker | 1.25 (1.08,1.45) | 0.003 | 1.02 (0.86,1.20) | 0.84 |
| Current smoker | 1.18 (0.94,1.47) | 0.15 | 1.14 (0.90,1.46) | 0.28 |
| Alcohol5 | ||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former | 1.15 (0.60,2.20) | 0.68 | 0.98 (0.48,1.99) | 0.96 |
| Current | 1.03 (0.85,1.25) | 0.73 | 1.04 (0.84,1.29) | 0.72 |
| Simple linear regression | ||||
| Coefficient | Standard error | P value | 95% CI | |
| Age, per year | −0.27 | 0.01 | <0.001 | (−0.29,−0.24) |
| Sex (male as reference) | −11.05 | 0.29 | <0.001 | (−11.63,−10.48) |
Multivariable models were adjusted for age at diagnosis (either categoric or continuous), sex, race/ethnicity, cancer stage, cancer site, prediagnostic weight change history, Charlson Comorbidity Score, smoking history, alcohol use, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, albumin, and TAT tertiles at diagnosis. For BMI <30 kg/m2, sarcopenia cutpoints were <52.3 and <38.6 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively; for BMI ≥30 kg/m2, sarcopenia cutpoints were <54.3 and <46.6 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively (14). Low SMD cutpoints were 35.5 HU for men and 32.5 HU for women (20). CRC, colorectal cancer; SMD, skeletal muscle radiodensity; TAT, total adipose tissue.
2,3,4,5Missing values for each variable respectively:1427, 896, 2557, 1499.