TABLE 4.
Medical and demographic characteristics associated with low SMD among nonmetastatic CRC patients1
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Age, per 5 y | 1.09 (1.08,1.10) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.09,1.11) | <0.001 |
| Age, y | ||||
| ≤50 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 50–60 | 2.83 (1.90,4.19) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.64,3.83) | <0.001 |
| 60–70 | 6.20 (4.27,9.02) | <0.001 | 5.26 (3.50,7.90) | <0.001 |
| 70–80 | 15.86 (10.96,22.96) | <0.001 | 17.81 (11.73,27.03) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | Reference | Reference | ||
| Females | 1.13 (0.97,1.31) | 0.12 | 1.16 (0.96,1.41) | 0.12 |
| TAT tertiles | ||||
| Tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Tertile 2 | 2.58 (2.06,3.23) | <0.001 | 2.75 (2.13,3.56) | <0.001 |
| Tertile 3 | 6.87 (5.54,8.52) | <0.001 | 9.62 (7.37,12.56) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Caucasian | Reference | Reference | ||
| African American | 0.38 (0.27,0.54) | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.24,0.55) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 0.88 (0.70,1.12) | 0.30 | 1.19 (0.89,1.59) | 0.24 |
| Asian | 0.24 (0.18,0.31) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.27,0.53) | <0.001 |
| Weight change history2 | ||||
| Stable‚ <5% change | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥5% loss | 1.02 (0.82,1.27) | 0.84 | 1.00 (0.77,1.30) | 1.00 |
| ≥5% gain | 1.33 (0.92,1.92) | 0.13 | 1.24 (0.79,1.93) | 0.35 |
| Stage | ||||
| Stage I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Stage II | 1.16 (0.96,1.41) | 0.12 | 1.10 (0.87,1.39) | 0.42 |
| Stage III | 1.02 (0.85,1.23) | 0.84 | 1.17 (0.93,1.47) | 0.18 |
| Site | ||||
| Colon | Reference | Reference | ||
| Rectal | 0.52 (0.44,0.63) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.62,0.96) | 0.02 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score | ||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 or 2 | 2.18 (1.83,2.59) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.14,1.73) | 0.002 |
| ≥3 | 4.83 (3.77,6.20) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.46,2.74) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio3 | ||||
| <3 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3 to 5 | 1.56 (1.26,1.92) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.15,1.92) | 0.003 |
| ≥5 | 1.91 (1.53,2.38) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.57,2.74) | <0.001 |
| Albumin4 | ||||
| ≥3.5 g/dL | Reference | Reference | ||
| <3.5 g/dL | 2.09 (1.44,3.04) | <0.001 | 1.80 (1.14,2.84) | 0.01 |
| Smoking history | ||||
| Never smoker | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former smoker | 1.98 (1.68,2.33) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.19,1.78) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 1.63 (1.28,2.07) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.54,2.79) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol5 | ||||
| Never | Reference | Reference | ||
| Former | 1.43 (0.73,2.78) | 0.30 | 1.06 (0.47,2.39) | 0.88 |
| Current | 0.91 (0.74,1.12) | 0.38 | 1.11 (0.85,1.45) | 0.43 |
| Simple linear regression | ||||
| Coefficient | Standard error | P value | 95% CI | |
| Age, per year | −0.44 | 0.01 | <0.001 | (−0.46,−0.41) |
| Sex (male as reference) | −3.05 | 0.34 | <0.001 | (−3.72,−2.38) |
Multivariable models were adjusted for age at diagnosis (either categoric or continuous), sex, race/ethnicity, cancer stage, cancer site, prediagnostic weight change history, Charlson Comorbidity Score, smoking history, alcohol use, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, albumin, and TAT tertiles at diagnosis. For BMI <30 kg/m2, sarcopenia cutpoints were <52.3 and <38.6 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively; for BMI ≥30 kg/m2, sarcopenia cutpoints were <54.3 and <46.6 cm2/m2 for men and women, respectively (14). Low SMD cutpoints were 35.5 HU for men and 32.5 HU for women (20). CRC, colorectal cancer; SMD, skeletal muscle radiodensity; TAT, total adipose tissue.
2,3,4,5Missing values for each variable respectively: 1427, 896, 2557, 1499.