TABLE 2.
Association between protein intake and thigh muscle area at year 6, adjusted for baseline thigh muscle area and potential confounders in 1561 older participants of the Health ABC study1
| Thigh muscle area (cm2) | ||
|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P | |
| Energy-adjusted total protein intake residuals (g)2 | ||
| Model 13 | 0.011 (−0.045, 0.067) | 0.704 |
| Model 24 | 0.015 (−0.047, 0.077) | 0.636 |
| Model 35 | −0.001 (−0.056, 0.055) | 0.982 |
| Energy-adjusted animal protein intake residuals (g) 6 | ||
| Model 13 | 0.007 (−0.050, 0.063) | 0.813 |
| Model 24 | 0.012 (−0.050, 0.074) | 0.702 |
| Model 35 | −0.003 (−0.058, 0.053) | 0.923 |
| Energy-adjusted vegetable protein intake residuals (g)6 | ||
| Model 13 | 0.132 (−0.002, 0.266) | 0.054 |
| Model 24 | 0.107 (−0.043, 0.256) | 0.162 |
| Model 35 | 0.075 (−0.060, 0.210) | 0.276 |
Health ABC, Health, Aging, and Body Composition.
Energy-adjusted total protein intake residuals in grams of protein (1 unit higher is to be interpreted as 1-g higher protein intake than expected based on energy intake).
Model 1 is adjusted for baseline thigh muscle area, age, sex, race, and study site.
4Model 2 is adjusted for determinants in model 1 and smoking, alcohol consumption, prevalent health conditions (coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, use of oral steroids), height, and energy intake.
Model 3 is corrected for determinants in model 2 and physical activity, interim hospitalization, and change in fat mass.
All models for energy-adjusted animal protein residuals were also adjusted for energy-adjusted vegetable protein residuals and vice versa.