Table 3.

Frequency, type of contact, and disclosure decisions by location and sexual orientation.

Parameter	UK		United States		Asia
	Gay couple	Heterosexual couple	Gay couple	Heterosexual couple	Gay couple	Heterosexual couple
Plan to have contact
Yes	12 (100)	26 (100)	23 (100)	32 (91)	3 (60)	5 (33)
No	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (6)	2 (40)	9 (60)
Not provided	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (7)
Current contact with surrogate (including indirect contact)
Yes	12 (100)	24 (92)	22 (96)	34 (97)	4 (80)	2 (14)
No	0 (0)	2 (8)	1 (4)	1 (3)	1 (20)	12 (86)
Frequency of current contact?a
Weekly	6 (50)	9 (41)	2 (9)	7 (21)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Monthly	3 (25)	7 (29)	12 (55)	10 (29)	0 (0)	1 (50)
Once every 3 mo	1 (8)	4 (17)	5 (23)	8 (24)	2 (50)	0 (0)
Once or twice per year	2 (17)	4 (17)	3 (14)	9 (26)	2 (50)	1 (50)
Telling: surrogacyb
Yes–told	1 (8)	16 (61)	8 (35)	15 (43)	1 (20)	4 (27)
Yes–plan to tell	11 (92)	9 (35)	15 (65)	19 (54)	4 (80)	10 (67)
Undecided	0 (0)	1 (4)	0 (0)	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (6)
Not planning to tell	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Telling: egg donationc
Yes–told	1 (10)	0 (0)	4 (17)	10 (37)	1 (20)	1 (10)
Yes–plan to tell	8 (80)	6 (86)	19 (83)	13 (48)	3 (60)	7 (70)
Undecided	1 (10)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (4)	1 (20)	2 (20)
Not planning to tell	0 (0)	1 (14)	0 (0)	3 (11)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Reasons for telling
Child's right to know	1 (10)	5 (24)	0 (0)	6 (19)	0 (0)	3 (27)
Family structure	4 (40)	0 (0)	8 (40)	0 (0)	1 (20)	0 (0)
Importance of honesty	5 (50)	10 (48)	7 (35)	17 (53)	3 (60)	3 (27)
Ongoing relationship with surrogate	3 (30)	1 (5)	3 (15)	2 (6)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Proud of conception	2 (20)	16 (76)	3 (15)	8 (25)	0 (0)	5 (45)
Others know	0 (0)	1 (5)	0 (0)	5 (16)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Important child knows their story/identity	0 (0)	1 (5)	8 (38)	5 (16)	1 (20)	3 (27)
Advised to tell	1 (10)	1 (5)	0 (0)	4 (13)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Note: Values are number (percentage).

^aFor those in contact.

^bCategories were collapsed into told/plan to tell vs. undecided/not telling to run χ² tests.

^cFor those who used egg donation.