Figure 5.

(a) Bacterial growth, (b) human migration. The average diffusion coefficient $\overline{D}$ against the multiplication factor r at a given σ. Different point symbols represent results of $\overline{D}$ with different σ. Configurations in figure 4 are used for calculating $\overline{D}$. Solid lines are guidelines for points with the same σ. The average diffusion coefficient $\overline{D}$ increases as r increases for bacterial growth diffusion, while $\overline{D}$ decreases for human migration diffusion. This opposite behaviour over r of two different diffusions makes different shifts of two boundaries between heterogeneous and homogeneous pattern phases for r < r_hopf and r > r_hopf. For r < r_hopf, the boundary under bacterial growth diffusion is located much higher than human migration diffusion, while it is opposite for r > r_hopf.