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. 2019 Mar 8;9:3942. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40595-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Tumor growth curves of control (CNT), hyperthermia alone (HT), irradiation alone (RT), and hyperthermia followed by irradiation (HT + RT) groups (n = 3, *p < 0.05). Tumors of HT alone group were heated at 42 °C for 30 min at 2-day interval. Radiation dose was 5 Gy per fraction daily 2 fractions at 2-day interval. Tumors of HT + RT group were heated for 30 minutes at 42 °C prior to irradiation. Points: mean volumes of three tumors, bars: standard errors. (b) Apoptotic activity of each treatment group analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. TUNEL-positive nuclei were counted in 3~4 fields randomly selected per tumor sections (original magnification, ×200; scale bar, 200 µm). (c) Comparison of apoptotic rate of each treatment group (error bars, standard errors; *p < 0.05). Image analysis was performed using QuPath software.