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. 2019 Mar 8;9:3960. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40578-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Changes in retardation with time when the chemical reagent was applied to the cell to alter the cellular contraction state. (a–c) Typical time-lapse images of retardation of single cells after application of (a) DMEM (control), (b) calyculin A, and (c) Y-27632 solution. Bars = 30 µm. The arrow and the arrow head in (a) show the high retardation area. (d–f) Changes in (d) cell retardation, Ret_Cell; (e) cell area, A_Cell; and (f) total cell retardation, Ret_CellTotal, with time. Data in (d–f) were normalized by the data at 0 min. *p < 0.05 vs control; N, Number of dishes; n, Number of cells. The colour bar of retardation is applied to all images.