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. 2019 Mar 8;9:3999. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40408-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Surface engineering of FTPs: Photograph of PI/EVA/graphene before surface engineering (a) and after surface engineering (b); dotted square in (a) shows that the EVA/graphene adhesivity on PI is very weak, where dotted square (b) is spotted for vertical cross-sectional SEM image revealing tight adhesion of EVA with FTPs. (c) OM image of PI rubbed with sand paper, EVA coated on rubbed PI (d) and EVA/graphene transferred onto the EVA coated PI (e), where inset shows the contact angle measurement of the respective samples. (f) AFM image to show the surface morphology of rubbed PI (bottom), EVA coated PI (middle), and graphene transferred onto the EVA coated PI (top).