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. 2019 Mar 8;9:3979. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40482-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TNMD promotes adipogenesis and impairs lipid metabolism in human adipocytes. Human adipocytes were transfected with an adenovirus-5 containing a shRNA-TNMD and shRNA-control (scrambled) at day 14 of adipogenesis induction. (a–c) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) mRNA and protein levels were determined in the shRNA-TNMD and shRNA-control adipocytes. Protein levels in cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting using specific antibodies against PPARG, CEBPA and ANGPTL4, normalized to the internal control (α-tubulin), and expressed as fold-change; the lower section shows a representative crop blot. (d–f) Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene expression, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and perilipin (PLIN) gene expression were determined in the shRNA-TNMD and shRNA-control adipocytes. (g) Glycerol levels (µM) in cell supernatants after treatment with shRNA-TNMD. All values are expressed as the means ± SEM of three independent experiments. Significant differences were identified using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test; *P-value < 0.05.