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. 2019 Mar 8;9:3949. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-40439-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantum circuit for implementing a C⁴NOT gate using 5 Toffoli gates and 2 ancilla qubits prepared in $|0 〉$ in 3 steps. The control bits are a, b, c and d, and the target qubit is $| t 〉$ . The gates after the Toffoli gate for conditionally flipping the target qubit uncompute the ancila qubits in order to unentangle the ancillae from the system.