Table 2. Anthropometric and Biochemical Measures at Baseline and the Week 8a.
| Variable | Control (N = 21) | Cashews (N = 22) | P Valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | The Week 8 | Baseline | The Week 8 | ||
| Weight, kg | 71.9 ± 9.8 | 71.5 ± 9.2 | 72.1 ± 13.2 | 70.7 ± 11.7 | 0.82 |
| P valuec | 0.17 | 0.12 | |||
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 28.6 ± 3.1 | 28.5 ± 2.9 | 28.7 ± 5.8 | 28.1 ± 5.2 | 0.8 |
| P valuec | 0.18 | 0.11 | |||
| WC, cm | 93.2 ± 3.7 | 93.1 ± 9.7 | 91.9 ± 11.3 | 91 ± 10 | 0.7 |
| P valuec | 0.2 | 0.25 | |||
| FPG, mg/dL | 159.9 ± 44 | 155.5 ± 46.5 | 146.04 ± 46 | 136 ± 55.5 | 0.21 |
| P valuec | 0.66 | 0.24 | |||
| Insulin d , IU/mL | 10.3 ± 6.3 | 10.3 ± 4.2 | 7.7 ± 2.7 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 0.8 |
| P valuec | 0.45 | 0.48 | |||
| HOMA-IR | 4.2 ± 2.9 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 2 | 0.03d |
| P valuec | 0.6 | 0.1 | |||
| TC/HDL-C | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.44 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | 3.86 ± 1 | 0.04d |
| P valuec | 0.8 | 0.21 | |||
| LDL-C/HDL-C d | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.46 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.03 ± 0.6 | 0.02d |
| P valuec | 0.6 | 0.33 | |||
| TG/HDL.C | 4.59 ± 2.4 | 4.08 ± 2.3 | 4.02 ± 3.3 | 3.59 ± 2.7 | 0.52 |
| P valuec | 0.25 | 0.34 | |||
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 18.4 ± 19.2 | 19.70 ± 18.2 | 17.4 ± 16.1 | 15.80 ± 16.5 | 0.54 |
| P valuec | 0.4 | 0.26 | |||
| TAC, nM/L | 625.7 ± 147.7 | 632.55 ± 160 | 625.9 ± 135.7 | 622.9 ± 155.7 | 0.34 |
| P valuec | 0.51 | 0.67 | |||
| PON-1, U/mL | 116.7 ± 45 | 118 ± 53.6 | 106.4 ± 57.7 | 132.9 ± 64.6 | 0.41 |
| P valuec | 0.67 | 0.7 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; PON-1, paraoxonase-1; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.
aValues are expressed as mean ± SD. Significance was considered at P < 0.05.
bP values for the intergroup differences after eight weeks intervention.
cP values for the intergroup differences from baseline to the end; paired samples t test was used.
dSignificant difference between the groups after eight weeks intervention, evaluated by ANCOVA with baseline values as covariate including age, gender, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, dietary fiber, and vitamin C. vitamin C at the week 8 was also considered as covariate. Also, for TC/HDL-C, LDL/HDL, TG/HDL, PON-1, and hs-CRP, the baseline values of each variable were considered as covariates.