. 2019 Mar 8;15:83. doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1827-7

Table 2.

The effect of TC (41 °C for 6 h; Post- Hatch Day 28) during 4 time terminals (at 0, 1, 3 and 5 h of TC) on relative mRNA expression of Hsp108, Hsp90, HSF-1 and HSF-2 in the Muscle of broiler chicks subjected to different TM protocols at ED 12–18 (n = 5)

Parameters	Groups	Treatments
	Groups	Control	TM₁	TM₂	TM₃	TM₄
Hsp108	TN	1.00 ± 0.04^aw	6.55 ± 0.70^bw	2.15 ± 0.06^cw	2.04 ± 0.14^cw	2.89 ± 0.19^dw
	TC 1	11.32 ± 0.50^ax	8.11 ± 0.22^bx	14.57 ± 0.13^cx	11.37 ± 0.04^ax	13.18 ± 0.16^dx
	TC 3	15.74 ± 0.02^ay	21.56 ± 0.06^by	13.18 ± 0.25^cy	13.77 ± 0.24^cy	31.36 ± 0.62^dy
	TC 5	14.81 ± 0.24^az	7.96 ± 0.19^bz	12.60 ± 0.05^cz	14.39 ± 0.19^az	9.15 ± 0.04^dz
Hsp90	TN	1.00 ± 0.06^aw	4.94 ± 0.36^bw	2.35 ± 0.05^cw	2.06 ± 0.04^cw	2.83 ± 0.12^dw
	TC 1	11.74 ± 0.60^ax	7.68 ± 0.10^bx	13.99 ± 0.07^cx	11.18 ± 0.20^ax	12.67 ± 0.20^dx
	TC 3	17.35 ± 0.49^ay	20.41 ± 0.59^by	13.32 ± 0.29^cx	13.52 ± 0.28^cy	30.22 ± 0.92^dy
	TC 5	15.47 ± 0.16^az	7.54 ± 0.08^bx	12.10 ± 0.14^cy	13.22 ± 0.08^dy	8.97 ± 0.25^ez
HSF-1	TN	1.00 ± 0.08 ^aw	1.16 ± 0.08^aw	1.95 ± 0.07^bw	1.02 ± 0.05^aw	1.40 ± 0.08^cw
	TC 1	2.07 ± 0.04^ax	2.52 ± 0.12^bx	2.23 ± 0.02^cx	1.83 ± 0.01^dx	1.94 ± 0.06^ax
	TC 3	3.93 ± 0.11^ay	2.24 ± 0.03^bx	1.82 ± 0.07^cw	1.23 ± 0.01^dw	3.09 ± 0.03^ey
	TC 5	1.67 ± 0.04^ax	1.68 ± 0.04^ay	2.83 ± 0.02^by	1.99 ± 0.04^cx	3.45 ± 0.05^dz
HSF-2	TN	1.00 ± 0.04^aw	3.79 ± 0.33^bw	1.57 ± 0.04^cw	1.40 ± 0.07^cw	2.23 ± 0.07^dw
	TC 1	2.26 ± 0.06^ax	2.72 ± 0.10^bx	3.08 ± 0.02^cx	1.43 ± 0.01^dw	3.33 ± 0.07^ex
	TC 3	3.14 ± 0.04^ay	2.17 ± 0.01^by	1.61 ± 0.02^cw	2.70 ± 0.02^dx	5.72 ± 0.09^ey
	TC 5	3.01 ± 0.07^ay	5.27 ± 0.25^bz	2.93 ± 0.03^ax	3.18 ± 0.15^ay	3.99 ± 0.06^cz

TC Thermal challenged, TM thermal manipulation, TN Naїve (thermal-neutral). Control = 37.8°C; TM₁ = Thermal manipulation at 38.5°C for 18 h; TM₂ = Thermal manipulation at 39 °C for 18 h; TM₃ = Thermal manipulation at 39.5°C for 18 h; TM₄ = Thermal manipulation at 40 °C for 18 h

^a–ewithin rows, means ± SD with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)

^w-zBetween naïve and TC chicks within a parameter, means ± SD with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05)