Multidimensional trait space occupied by extant surgeonfish (circles), rabbitfish (squares), and parrotfish (triangles) species in two biogeographic regions. Plots show the first two axes (A1-A2) derived from a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) performed on seven traits related to feeding. Background grey area shows the total space occupied combining fossils, time-slices, and extant species. Convex hulls represent space occupied by Indo-Pacific (blue), Atlantic (green), and Tethys (50 Ma; purple dashed line) species. Illustrations show representatives from each biogeographic realm and two fossil species (asterisk).